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Acid-base Balance

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Question 1
Free
Multiple Choice

When an individual's serum pH begins to fall below 7.35, the mechanism that responds instantaneously to return the serum pH to normal level is

Choose correct answer/s
A

ammonia gas combining with H+.

B

excretion of acid by the lungs.

C

plasma bicarbonate buffering the acid.

D

secretion of hydrogen ions (H+) by the kidneys.

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Question 2
Free
Multiple Choice

A client in diabetic ketoacidosis has an elevated serum potassium ion (K?) level. The nurse explains to the client that this is caused by

Choose correct answer/s
A

bicarbonate loss in the urine instead of K+ loss.

B

binding of H+ to blood proteins.

C

increased reabsorption of K+ in the distal tubule of the nephron.

D

secretion by the kidneys of H+ and retention of K+.

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Question 3
Free
Multiple Choice

The nurse teaching a 32-year-old man with renal failure about the pathophysiologic mechanism of acid-base balance recognizes that the instructions have been understood when the client says

Choose correct answer/s
A

"Acidic foods must be eliminated from my diet."

B

"I lose too much acid through my kidneys."

C

"My breathing increases to correct imbalances."

D

"My urine output will increase when my pH falls."

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Question 4
Free
Multiple Choice

The nurse explains to a concerned family member of a client who has developed respiratory acidosis that the kidneys

Choose correct answer/s
A

achieve optimal compensation immediately.

B

are unable to compensate.

C

can achieve optimal compensation in about 3 days.

D

will compensate within 24 hours.

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Question 5
Free
Multiple Choice

In an assessment of current clients, the nurse recognizes that the client most likely to develop respiratory acidosis has

Choose correct answer/s
A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

B

hypokalemia.

C

salicylate overdose.

D

pulmonary fibrosis.

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Question 6
Multiple Choice

The nurse is caring for a client who has developed metabolic acidosis and has an anion gap of 12 mEq/L. The nurse informs a family member that this finding indicates that the client's acidosis is caused by

Choose correct answer/s
A
accelerated lipid metabolism.
B
an increase of fixed acid.
C
increases in carbonic acid.
D
loss of bicarbonate.
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Question 7
Multiple Choice

A client is admitted to the hospital with severe vomiting and is diagnosed with metabolic alkalosis. The nurse anticipates that the laboratory value that would support this diagnosis is

Choose correct answer/s
A
arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) of 30 mm Hg.Q
B
arterial pH of 7.30.
C
serum calcium level of 9.0 mEq/L.
D
serum potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L.
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Question 8
Multiple Choice

The nurse assesses that the client admitted in respiratory acidosis has compensated when the arterial blood gas (ABG) readings are

Choose correct answer/s
A
carbon dioxide level of 50 mm Hg and bicarbonate level of 30 mEq/L.
B
carbon dioxide level of 50 mm Hg and bicarbonate level of 20 mEq/L.
C
carbon dioxide level of 30 mm Hg and bicarbonate level of 30 mEq/L.
D
carbon dioxide level of 30 mm Hg and bicarbonate level of 24 mEq/L.
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Question 9
Multiple Choice

For a 34-year-old client in renal failure who develops acidosis, the nurse would assess for

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A
drowsiness.
B
hypoventilation.
C
muscle hyperactivity.
D
paresthesias.
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Question 10
Multiple Choice

To prevent error in sampling arterial blood gases (ABGs), the nurse will

Choose correct answer/s
A
place the sample immediately in ice water.
B
shake the sample to mix in heparin.
C
transfer the sample from syringe to air-tight glass test tube.
D
use a large beveled needle to withdraw the sample.
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Question 11
Multiple Choice

The nurse performs Allen's test before obtaining an ABG specimen to determine

Choose correct answer/s
A
if an allergy to heparin is present.
B
if ulnar circulation is adequate.
C
the patency of the radial artery.
D
the presence of neuromuscular weakness.
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Question 12
Multiple Choice

A client is brought to the emergency department in cardiac arrest. The nurse is aware that the associated acid-base imbalance that will require treatment is

Choose correct answer/s
A
both respiratory and metabolic acidosis.
B
both respiratory and metabolic alkalosis.
C
respiratory acidosis.
D
respiratory alkalosis.
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Question 13
Multiple Choice

Receiving a client's ABG report with pH of 7.40, PaCO? of 55 mm Hg, and bicarbonate level of 20 mEq/L, the nurse interprets these values to indicate

Choose correct answer/s
A
erroneous blood gas data.
B
metabolic alkalosis.
C
mixed acid-base disorder.
D
respiratory alkalosis.
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Question 14
Multiple Choice

A client has a blood pH of 7.30 and is being treated with an infusion of sodium bicarbonate. The nurse should assess this client for a possible delayed reaction of increasing levels of which component in the blood?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Bicarbonate
B
Calcium
C
Carbon dioxide
D
Glucose
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Question 15
Multiple Choice

The nurse caring for a trauma victim who has received massive transfusions of whole blood is diligent in assessment for metabolic alkalosis because

Choose correct answer/s
A
multiple transfusions of whole blood cause a decrease in serum potassium level.
B
the anticoagulant in the blood is metabolized to bicarbonate.
C
transfused blood is less stable, releasing bicarbonate from the blood cells.
D
whole blood utilizes bicarbonate as a preservative.
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Question 16
Multiple Choice

The nurse is assigned to a client with insulin-dependent diabetes who was brought to the emergency department because of shortness of breath and confusion. On admission, the client's blood glucose level is 720 mg/ml, and ABG values are pH of 7.28, PaCO? of 35 mm Hg, and bicarbonate level of 15 mEq/L. The nurse interprets these readings as indicating

Choose correct answer/s
A
compensated metabolic acidosis.
B
compensated respiratory acidosis.
C
uncompensated metabolic acidosis.
D
uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
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Question 17
Multiple Choice

A client with a diagnosis of chronic renal failure has pH of 7.35, PaCO? of 29 mm Hg, and bicarbonate level of 16 mEq/L. The nurse interprets these ABG results as

Choose correct answer/s
A
compensated metabolic acidosis.
B
compensated respiratory acidosis.
C
uncompensated metabolic acidosis.
D
uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
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Question 18
Multiple Choice

The nurse is caring for an 80-year-old client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and who is becoming progressively more confused. Her vital signs are as follows: T, 101° F; P, 112 beats/min; R, 28 breaths/min; BP, 100/70 mm Hg. ABG results are pH 7.50, PaCO? 25 mm Hg, and bicarbonate level 18 mEq/L. The nurse interprets these findings to indicate

Choose correct answer/s
A
metabolic acidosis secondary to fever.
B
metabolic alkalosis secondary to bicarbonate excess.
C
respiratory acidosis secondary to anxiety.
D
respiratory alkalosis secondary to hypoxemia.
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Question 19
Multiple Choice

The nurse caring for a client who experienced cardiopulmonary arrest and has a mixed respiratory/metabolic acidosis explains to a concerned family member that the mechanical ventilator can eliminate

Choose correct answer/s
A
carbonic acid.
B
lactic acid.
C
phosphoric acid.
D
sulfuric acid.
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Question 20
Multiple Choice

Age-related physiologic changes the nurse would consider when planning care for an elderly client admitted with an acid-base abnormality include (Select all that apply)

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A
decreased pulmonary and renal function limit the ability to compensate.
B
hypermetabolism predisposes the elderly to metabolic acidosis.
C
hypoventilation can easily cause respiratory acidosis in the elderly.
D
renal perfusion is diminished because of decreased cardiac output.
E
there is decreased alveolar surface area for gas exchange.
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