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Biological Basis For Understanding Psychopharmacology

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Question 1
Free
Multiple Choice

A patient asks a nurse, "What are neurotransmitters? My doctor says mine are out of balance." The best reply would be:

Choose correct answer/s
A

"You must feel relieved to know that your problem has a physical basis."

B

"Neurotransmitters are chemicals that pass messages between brain cells."

C

"It is a high-level concept to explain. You should ask the doctor to tell you more."

D

"Neurotransmitters are substances we eat daily that influence memory and mood."

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Question 2
Free
Multiple Choice

The parent of an adolescent diagnosed with schizophrenia asks a nurse, "My child's doctor ordered a positron-emission tomography (PET) scan. What is that?" Select the nurse's best reply.

Choose correct answer/s
A

"PET uses a magnetic field and gamma waves to identify problems areas in the brain. Does your teenager have any metal implants?"

B

"It's a special type of x-ray image that shows structures of the brain and whether a brain injury has ever occurred."

C

"PET is a scan that passes an electrical current through the brain and shows brain wave activity. PET can help diagnose seizures."

D

"PET is a special scan that shows blood flow and activity in the brain."

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Question 3
Free
Multiple Choice

A patient has dementia. The health care provider wants to make a differential diagnosis between Alzheimer disease and multiple infarctions. Which diagnostic procedure should a nurse expect to prepare the patient for first?

Choose correct answer/s
A

Computed tomography (CT) scan

B

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

C

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

D

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan

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Question 4
Free
Multiple Choice

A patient has delusions and hallucinations. Before beginning treatment with a psychotropic medication, the health care provider wants to rule out the presence of a brain tumor. For which test will a nurse need to prepare the patient?

Choose correct answer/s
A

Cerebral arteriogram

B

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

C

Computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

D

Positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

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Question 5
Free
Multiple Choice

The nurse wants to assess for disturbances in circadian rhythms in a patient admitted for major depressive disorder. Which question best implements this assessment?

Choose correct answer/s
A

"Do you ever see or hear things that others do not?"

B

"Do you have problems with short-term memory?"

C

"What are your worst and best times of day?"

D

"How would you describe your thinking?"

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Question 6
Multiple Choice

A nurse administers a medication that potentiates the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Which finding would be expected?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Reduced anxiety
B
Improved memory
C
More organized thinking
D
Fewer sensory perceptual alterations
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Question 7
Multiple Choice

On the basis of current knowledge of neurotransmitter effects, a nurse anticipates that the treatment plan for a patient with memory difficulties may include medications designed to:

Choose correct answer/s
A
inhibit GABA production.
B
increase dopamine sensitivity.
C
decrease dopamine at receptor sites.
D
prevent destruction of acetylcholine.
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Question 8
Multiple Choice

A patient has disorganized thinking associated with schizophrenia. Neuroimaging would most likely show dysfunction in which part of the brain?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Brainstem
B
Cerebellum
C
Temporal lobe
D
Prefrontal cortex
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Question 9
Multiple Choice

A nurse should assess a patient taking a medication with anticholinergic properties for inhibited function of the:

Choose correct answer/s
A
parasympathetic nervous system.
B
sympathetic nervous system.
C
reticular activating system.
D
medulla oblongata.
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Question 10
Multiple Choice

The therapeutic action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) blocks neurotransmitter reuptake, causing:

Choose correct answer/s
A
increased concentration of neurotransmitters in the synaptic gap.
B
decreased concentration of neurotransmitters in serum.
C
destruction of receptor sites.
D
limbic system stimulation.
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Question 11
Multiple Choice

A patient taking medication for mental illness develops restlessness and an uncontrollable need to be in motion. A nurse can correctly analyze that these symptoms are related to which drug action?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Anticholinergic effects
B
Dopamine-blocking effects
C
Endocrine-stimulating effects
D
Ability to stimulate spinal nerves
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Question 12
Multiple Choice

A patient has anxiety, increased heart rate, and fear. The nurse would suspect the presence of a high concentration of which neurotransmitter?

Choose correct answer/s
A
GABA
B
Histamine
C
Acetylcholine
D
Norepinephrine
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Question 13
Multiple Choice

A patient has symptoms of acute anxiety related to the death of a parent in an automobile accident 2 hours earlier. The nurse should anticipate administering a medication from which group?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Tricyclic antidepressants
B
Atypical antipsychotics
C
Anticonvulsants
D
Benzodiazepines
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Question 14
Multiple Choice

A patient is hospitalized for major depressive disorder. Of the medications listed, a nurse can expect to provide the patient with teaching about:

Choose correct answer/s
A
chlordiazepoxide (Librium).
B
fluoxetine (Prozac).
C
clozapine (Clozaril).
D
tacrine (Cognex).
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Question 15
Multiple Choice

A patient hospitalized with a mood disorder has aggression, agitation, talkativeness, and irritability. A nurse begins the care plan based on the expectation that the health care provider is most likely to prescribe a medication classified as a(n):

Choose correct answer/s
A
anticholinergic.
B
mood stabilizer.
C
psychostimulant.
D
tricyclic antidepressant.
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Question 16
Multiple Choice

A drug causes muscarinic-receptor blockade. A nurse will assess the patient for:

Choose correct answer/s
A
dry mouth.
B
gynecomastia.
C
pseudoparkinsonism.
D
orthostatic hypotension.
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Question 17
Multiple Choice

A patient begins therapy with a first generation antipsychotic medication. What teaching should a nurse provide related to the drug's strong dopaminergic effect?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Chew sugarless gum.
B
Increase dietary fiber.
C
Arise slowly from bed.
D
Report muscle stiffness.
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Question 18
Multiple Choice

A nurse can anticipate anticholinergic side effects are likely to occur when a patient is taking:

Choose correct answer/s
A
lithium (Lithobid).
B
buspirone (BuSpar).
C
risperidone (Risperdal).
D
fluphenazine (Prolixin).
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Question 19
Multiple Choice

Priority teaching for a patient taking clozapine (Clozaril) should include which instruction?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Report sore throat and fever immediately.
B
Avoid foods high in polyunsaturated fat.
C
Use water-based lotions for rashes.
D
Avoid unprotected sex.
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Question 20
Multiple Choice

A nurse cares for patients taking various medications, including buspirone (BuSpar), haloperidol (Haldol), trazodone (Desyrel), and phenelzine (Nardil). The nurse will order a special diet for the patient taking:

Choose correct answer/s
A
buspirone.
B
haloperidol.
C
trazodone.
D
phenelzine.
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