Blood And Circulatory System Disorders

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Question 1

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following would result from a reduced number of erythrocytes in the blood?

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Increased hemoglobin in the blood

Decreased hematocrit

Increased risk of hemostasis

Decreased osmotic pressure of the blood

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Question 2

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Multiple Choice

What term is used to describe a deficit of all types of blood cells?

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Leucopenia

Neutropenia

Pancytopenia

Erythrocytosis

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Question 3

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Multiple Choice

Capillary walls consist of:

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multiple endothelial layers.

a thick layer of smooth muscle.

two or three epithelial layers.

a single endothelial layer.

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Question 4

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Multiple Choice

Vitamin K is required by the liver to synthesize:

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heparin.

prothrombin.

amino acids.

bilirubin.

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Question 5

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Multiple Choice

Individuals with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood:

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contains A and B antibodies.

contains A and B antigens.

lacks A and B antibodies.

lacks A and B antigens.

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

What are the two circulations that comprise the overall circulatory system?

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Pulmonary and systemic circulations

Peripheral and central circulations

Cardiovascular and lymphatic circulations

Cardiopulmonary and peripheral circulations

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

Chronic blood loss causes anemia because of the:

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shortened life span of the erythrocytes.

lower metabolic rate.

loss of protein and electrolytes.

smaller amount of recycled iron available.

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?

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A defective gene inherited from both parents

A chronic bacterial infection

Bone marrow depression

An autoimmune reaction

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the characteristic erythrocyte associated with pernicious anemia?

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Hypochromic, microcytic

Normochromic, normocytic

Elongated, sickle-shaped

Megaloblastic or macrocytic nucleated cells

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

What causes numbness and tingling in the fingers of individuals with untreated pernicious anemia?

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Persistent hyperbilirubinemia

Increasing acidosis affecting metabolism

Vitamin B12 deficit causing peripheral nerve demyelination

Multiple small vascular occlusions affecting peripheral nerves

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

Jaundice is one typical sign of:

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sickle cell anemia.

aplastic anemia.

iron deficiency anemia.

acute leukemia.

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

What are the typical early general signs and symptoms of anemia?

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Chest pain, palpitations

Jaundice, stomatitis

Pallor, dyspnea, and fatigue

Bradycardia, heat intolerance

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

What is the cause of oral ulcerations and delayed healing occurring with any severe anemia?

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Lack of folic acid for DNA synthesis

Frequent microinfarcts in the tissues

Deficit of oxygen for epithelial cell mitosis and metabolism

Elevated bilirubin levels in blood and body fluids

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is present with pernicious anemia?

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Pancytopenia

Hypochlorhydria

Leukocytosis

Multiple infarcts

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

Why do abnormally low hemoglobin values develop with pernicious anemia?

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Decreased production of erythrocytes

Shorter life span of erythrocytes

Abnormal structure of hemoglobin chains

Deficit of folic acid

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

What are the common early signs of aplastic anemia?

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Painful joints and skeletal deformity

Abdominal discomfort and splenomegaly

Excessive bleeding and recurrent infections

Palpitations and chest pain

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

Why do vascular occlusions and infarcts occur frequently with sickle cell anemia?

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The red blood cells are abnormally large.

Increased hemolysis of erythrocytes occurs.

Erythrocytes change to sickle shape when hypoxia occurs.

HbS is unable to transport oxygen.

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

Which of the following applies to sickle cell trait?

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Most hemoglobin is in the form of HgS

Sickling of erythrocytes occurs with severe hypoxia.

Painful sickling crises with multiple infarctions occur frequently.

A child's skeletal growth is delayed.

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

What is the basic abnormality in thalassemia?

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Several amino acids in the globin chains have been replaced by substitute amino acids.

More than four globin chains are found in the erythrocytes.

The iron molecule is displaced in hemoglobin.

There is failure to synthesize either the alpha or beta chains in the hemoglobin molecule.

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

Which of the following can result from a malabsorption problem?

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Aplastic anemia

Sickle cell anemia

Thalassemia major

Pernicious anemia

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