Cardiovascular System Disorders

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Question 1

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following actions causes the atrioventricular (AV) valves to close?

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Increased intraventricular pressure

Depolarization at the AV node

Ventricular relaxation and backflow of blood

Contraction of the atria

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Question 2

Free

Multiple Choice

When stroke volume decreases, which of the following could maintain cardiac output?

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Decreased peripheral resistance

Increased heart rate

Decreased venous return

General vasodilation

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Question 3

Free

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes the pericardial cavity?

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It contains sufficient fluid to provide a protective cushion for the heart.

It is a potential space containing a very small amount of serous fluid.

It is lined by the endocardium.

It is located between the double-walled pericardium and the epicardium.

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Question 4

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following factors greatly improves venous return to the heart during strenuous exercise?

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Rapid emptying of the right side of the heart

Forceful action of the valves in the veins

Contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle

Peristalsis in the large veins

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Question 5

Free

Multiple Choice

The function of the baroreceptors is to:

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stimulate the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system at the sinoatrial (SA) node as needed.

adjust blood pressure by changing peripheral resistance.

sense a change in blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.

signal the cardiovascular control center of changes in systemic blood pressure.

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

The normal delay in conduction through the AV node is essential for:

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preventing an excessively rapid heart rate.

limiting the time for a myocardial contraction.

allowing the ventricles to contract before the atria.

completing ventricular filling.

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a result of increased secretion of epinephrine?

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Increased heart rate and force of contraction

Decreased stimulation of the SA node and ventricles

Vasoconstriction in skeletal muscles and kidneys

Vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

Which of the following causes increased heart rate?

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Stimulation of the vagus nerve

Increased renin secretion

Administration of beta-blocking drugs

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

The event that causes the QRS wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing is:

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atrial depolarization.

atrial repolarization.

ventricular depolarization.

ventricular repolarization.

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

The cardiac reserve is:

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afterload.

the difference between the apical and radial pulses.

the ability of the heart to increase cardiac output when needed.

the extra blood remaining in the heart after it contracts.

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

The term preload refers to:

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volume of venous return.

peripheral resistance.

stroke volume.

cardiac output.

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

The first arteries to branch off the aorta are the:

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common carotid arteries.

pulmonary arteries.

coronary arteries.

subclavian arteries.

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

Cardiac output refers to:

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the amount of blood passing through either of the atria.

the volume of blood ejected by a ventricle in one minute.

the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in a single contraction.

the total number of heartbeats in one minute.

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

Vasodilation in the skin and viscera results directly from:

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decreased blood pressure.

increased parasympathetic stimulation.

relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterioles.

increased stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors.

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

Which of the following drugs decrease sodium and fluid retention in the body?

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warfarin (Coumadin)

digoxin (Lanoxin)

nitroglycerin (Isordil)

hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

A drug taken in small doses on a continuing basis to reduce platelet adhesion is:

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acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).

streptokinase.

acetaminophen.

heparin.

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

A partial obstruction in a coronary artery will likely cause:

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pulmonary embolus.

hypertension.

angina attacks.

myocardial infarction.

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in coronary artery disease because smoking:

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reduces vasoconstriction and peripheral resistance.

decreases serum lipid levels.

promotes platelet adhesion.

increases serum HDL levels.

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

The term arteriosclerosis specifically refers to:

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development of atheromas in large arteries.

intermittent vasospasm in coronary arteries.

degeneration with loss of elasticity and obstruction in small arteries.

ischemia and necrosis in the brain, kidneys, and heart.

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is:

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leading a sedentary lifestyle.

being female and older than 40 years of age.

excluding saturated fats from the diet.

familial hypercholesterolemia.

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