Dna Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposable Elements
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- Genetics: An IntroductionDNA: The Genetic MaterialDNA ReplicationGene FunctionGene Expression: TranscriptionGene Expression: TranslationDna Mutation,DNA Repair,and Transposable ElementsGenomics: The Mapping and Sequencing of GenomesFunctional and Comparative GenomicsRecombinant DNA TechnologyMendelian GeneticsChromosomal Basis of InheritanceExtensions of and Deviations From Mendelian Genetic PrinciplesGenetic Mapping in EukaryotesGenetics of Bacteria and BacteriophagesVariations in Chromosome Structure and NumberRegulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and BacteriophagesRegulation of Gene Expression in EukaryotesGenetic Analysis of DevelopmentGenetics of CancerPopulation GeneticsQuantitative GeneticsMolecular Evolution
Question 1
Free
Short Answer
Please select the best match for each term.
A)A mutation that changes a codon from one that represents an amino acid to one that signals a chain termination
B)A mutation that causes a change in a single base pair
C)A mutation in a gene that causes no detectable change in the protein product
D)A mutation that changes a codon from one amino acid to another
E)A mutation that causes an addition or deletion of one or two base pairs in a gene
-1)Nonsense mutation
2)Missense mutation
3)Frameshift mutation
4)Point mutation
5)Neutral mutation
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Question 2
Free
Multiple Choice
Which of the following nucleotide changes leads to a transition mutation?
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Adenine to guanine
Adenine to cytosine
Guanine to cytosine
Thymine to guanine
Guanine to thymine
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Question 3
Free
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is not mutagenic?
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5BU
AZT
Nitrous acid
Hydroxylamine
Acridine
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Question 4
Free
Multiple Choice
Base analogs may cause mutations because
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they modify the chemical structure and properties of the normal base.
they insert themselves between adjacent bases on the DNA strand and cause an extra base to be inserted during replication.
they remove amino groups from bases,causing them to pair with the wrong base during replication.
they may exist in alternate chemical states that pair with different DNA bases than the normal state during replication.
Both A and C
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Question 5
Free
Multiple Choice
The deamination of cytosine creates
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5-methyl cytosine.
uracil.
2-aminopurine.
5-bromouracil.
thymine.
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Question 6
Multiple Choice
Thymine dimers are commonly caused by
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ultraviolet radiation.
ionizing radiation such as X-rays.
tautomers.
alkylating agents.
intercalating agents.
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Question 7
Multiple Choice
Xeroderma pigmentosum is a human genetic disease caused by
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elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood.
failure to produce pigment that protects the skin cells from UV light exposure.
defective DNA excision-repair mechanisms.
mutations that inactivate tumor suppressor genes.
loss of genes controlling the SOS response.
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Question 8
Multiple Choice
Mutation frequency is the
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number of mutations per gene per generation.
number of mutations per nucleotide per generation.
number of mutations per cell per generation.
number of a specific mutation in a defined population.
total number of mutations in a defined population.
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Question 9
Multiple Choice
The codon 5'-AAA-3' codes for the amino acid lysine.Which of the following mutations in this codon is a neutral mutation?
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5'-ATA-3' to isoleucine
5'-AGA-3' to arginine
5'-AAG-3' to lysine
5'-CAA-3' to glutamine
5'-AAC-3' to asparagine
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Question 10
Multiple Choice
Spontaneous mutation rates are greatly reduced by
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exposure to ionizing radiation.
reverse mutations.
base-modifying agents.
DNA repair mechanisms.
performing the Ames test.
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Question 11
Multiple Choice
A mutation during DNA replication causes a G to be inserted after the first base of the codon for tryptophan.How will this affect the growing polypeptide chain?
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It will not be affected.
Elongation will stop prematurely.
There will be a single amino acid substitution.
The reading frame will be shifted to the left,and the wrong amino acids will be added from this point on.
An extra amino acid will be added,but the reading frame will not be affected.
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Question 12
Multiple Choice
In Drosophila,the wild-type eye color is red.A mutation,vermilion,causes vermilion-colored eyes,unless there is a mutation in another gene,suv,which,when homozygous or hemizygous,results in eyes that are the wild-type red even in the presence of the vermilion mutation.This is an example of
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forward mutation.
reverse mutation.
intragenic suppression.
intergenic suppression.
back mutation.
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Question 13
Multiple Choice
A transposon is
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a DNA segment that can insert itself at one or more sites in a genome.
a "jumping gene."
a DNA segment that may cause mutations in genes or chromosomal rearrangements.
a mobile genetic element that may or may not leave a copy of itself in its original site when it moves to a new site.
All of these
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Question 14
Multiple Choice
Nonsense suppressors are usually mutations in genes coding for
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proteins.
enzymes.
mRNA.
tRNA.
rRNA.
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Question 15
Multiple Choice
Which of the following transposable elements are found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?
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IS elements
Families of autonomous and nonautonomous elements
Retrotransposons
Ty elements
B,C,and D only
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Question 16
Multiple Choice
In order for the dissociation element (Ds)mutations in corn to be stable,
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an Ac element must be present.
an Ac element must not be present.
the Ds must contain the gene for transposition.
the DNA must not be replicated.
None of these
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Question 17
Multiple Choice
An IS (insertion sequence)element contains
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a transposase gene only.
a transposase gene and additional genes.
a transposase gene and inverted repeats at the ends.
a transposase gene,additional genes,and inverted repeats at the ends.
genes but not a transposase gene.
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Question 18
Multiple Choice
What is conservative transposition?
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No net increase in the number of transposable elements in the genome.
A net increase in the number of transposable elements in the genome.
Movement of transposable elements with replication of the element.
Movement of transposable elements without replication of the element.
Transposition without disruption of normal gene product activity.
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Question 19
Multiple Choice
Dissociation elements (Ds)in plants are examples of
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activator transposons that can direct their own transposition.
nonautonomous elements that require activation by an autonomous element.
mutator genes that increase the spontaneous mutation frequencies of other genes.
repeated sequences that are targeted by a transposase.
Both B and C
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Question 20
Multiple Choice
Which procedure would you use to detect a nutritional mutation in microorganisms?
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Visible inspection
Replica plating
Controlled crosses
Isolation at high temperature
Plating on antibiotic-containing medium
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