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Economics Of Health Care

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Question 1
Free
Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the best definition of economics?

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A

Assets that can be traded for different assets

B

Income and outgo of monies

C

Science of allocation of resources

D

Study of goods, services, talents, and transportation

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Question 2
Free
Multiple Choice

A client living in the 1920s received health care services. Which of the following would have been the most likely form of payment?

Choose correct answer/s
A

Patients paid out of their pockets for whatever care the provider charged.

B

Public health employees gave care to those who needed it.

C

There was little health care to be had, regardless of a person's wealth.

D

Workers who belonged to a union had their bills paid by insurance.

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Question 3
Free
Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes what happened to health care providers during the Great Depression?

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A

The amount of charity care greatly increased.

B

Both hospitals and physicians went bankrupt.

C

Government funding was legislated to assist those in need.

D

Public health greatly expanded to care for those in need.

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Question 4
Free
Multiple Choice

Why did employers decide to offer health insurance as an employee benefit?

Choose correct answer/s
A

Hospitals and physicians quit offering charity care to those who could not pay.

B

Society was focused on not having to pay for doctor visits and other needed health benefits.

C

Teachers were role models for unions to demand insurance as a benefit.

D

To obtain and retain the limited number of persons available to work when government rules prohibited raising wages, insurance was offered.

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Question 5
Free
Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a flaw of indemnity plans?

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A

Blue Cross and Blue Shield had a great idea, but they went bankrupt.

B

Cost sharing was expected of Blue Cross and Blue Shield enrollees.

C

Enrollees could not choose their provider or manage their own care.

D

Plans lacked any incentives to contain costs.

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Question 6
Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the first government step in trying to stop constantly rising costs?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Insurance companies were told to cease adding new members to their plan.
B
Payment reimbursement was based on diagnosis and client characteristics rather than on treatment given.
C
Physicians were limited to a maximum amount that would be paid for any particular service.
D
Reimbursement was based on prospective payment; that is, in advance of admittance for care.
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Question 7
Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the message that public health leaders are trying to emphasize to the public?

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A
Assume responsibility for your own health by choosing healthy behaviors
B
Have a primary physician and get yearly checkups
C
Obtain immunizations and screenings when they are offered
D
Support legislative efforts to improve our medical care system
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Question 8
Multiple Choice

Which of the following actions would be the least expensive approach to treating chronic diseases?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Choose healthy lifestyle behaviors to retain health
B
Continue media campaigns encouraging early detection and treatment
C
Encourage patients to seek care at a local neighborhood health clinic
D
Suggest self-therapies that have been demonstrated to be effective
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Question 9
Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes how having health insurance has affected lifestyle behaviors?

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A
Health promotion disease prevention programs are attended because they are reimbursable.
B
Health education is widespread, because insurance companies promote such education.
C
Medications and medical treatment are relied on for cure.
D
Screening is widespread because of insurance sponsorship.
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Question 10
Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes why so many Americans continue to engage in unhealthy behaviors?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Americans are not knowledgeable on how to change their behavior.
B
Americans believe that most illnesses can be cured with insurance footing the bill.
C
Health is not a concern to most Americans.
D
Most Americans do not know which behaviors are unhealthy.
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Question 11
Multiple Choice

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from reviewing how health care costs are spread over a person's lifetime?

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A
Health care expenditures increase with age.
B
Premature newborns incur more costs than other children from birth through adulthood.
C
The majority of cost is incurred during middle age when chronic diseases strike.
D
Persons aged 85 years and above spend the most money on health care.
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Question 12
Multiple Choice

Which of the following was a major change after Medicare began a prescription drug benefit?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Number of prescriptions ordered by physicians decreased
B
Medications increased without affecting patient care outcomes
C
U.S. expenditures on drugs approached the same level as that of other industrialized nations
D
Use of drugs and their cost immediately increased
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Question 13
Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a current trend related to health care services?

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A
Nonprofit organizations are assuming responsibilities for service from for-profit organizations.
B
Health care organizations are offering services low in cost and higher in reimbursement.
C
Ways to minimize reimbursement using current procedural terminology (CPT) codes have been created.
D
Postponing computerized medical record programs increases profitability.
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Question 14
Multiple Choice

Which of the following actions would help decrease the total health care costs in the United States?

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A
Consolidate major health care facilities while expanding neighborhood primary care clinics
B
Continue the move to computer-based medical records and other efficiencies in informatics
C
Decrease current fraud and abuse
D
Streamline and make more consistent all documents needed for third-party reimbursement
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Question 15
Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes a major event that occurred in the 1960s that affected health care?

Choose correct answer/s
A
The amount of charity care by health care providers greatly increased.
B
Hospitals began to voluntarily pay taxes to the communities where they were located.
C
Legislation greatly expanded funds available to train physicians, nurses, and other health care providers.
D
The Social Security Act was amended to create Medicare and Medicaid legislation.
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Question 16
Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes how the federal government determines which projects are awarded special funding for health care?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Those that are consistent with societal priorities, such as 2020 Health Objectives
B
Those that are supported by legislators
C
Those that are written by health care organizations that have special needs
D
Those that are consistent with the state's long-term health goals
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Question 17
Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes what happens when a health care organization receives federal funding for a special health care need?

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A
Other groups see the project and write grants wanting similar projects in their geographic area.
B
Participants continue to demand the services so local funding has to be readjusted to continue the care.
C
Research is done to demonstrate whether or not the intervention was successful and should be replicated.
D
When funds cease, so does the health care; therefore, continuity is lacking.
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Question 18
Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the health care services that are provided by philanthropic groups?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Direct care to patients with problems related to the group's primary interest area
B
Legislative lobbying for increased funding for their special interests
C
Informational and research activities
D
Special services such as housing, transportation, or appearance aids
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Question 19
Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes what was done by large industrial giants to stop the constant increase in their costs for health insurance for their employees?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Assembled their own health care programs
B
Established health promotion programs that employees were required to attend
C
Signed only certain providers to give care at a reduced rate in exchange for so many new patients
D
Suggested that employees seek only the most necessary services
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Question 20
Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes what physicians did to compete with new competition from health maintenance organizations (HMOs)?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Accepted employment directly under the insurance company
B
Organized preferred provider organizations (PPOs) to negotiate with insurance companies
C
Created private practices with colleagues within hospital medical complexes
D
Decided to strike and refused to work in the new HMOs
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