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Epidemiology

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Question 1
Free
Multiple Choice

An epidemiologist has written a summary of a food poisoning outbreak, including its cause and ways to prevent it from occurring in the future. Which of the following best describes what has been done?

Choose correct answer/s
A

Analytic epidemiology

B

Descriptive epidemiology

C

Prospective cohort study

D

Retrospective cross-sectional survey

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Question 2
Free
Multiple Choice

Two brothers played with their cousin. One brother later became quite ill, whereas the other did not. Which of the following provides the best explanation for this occurrence?

Choose correct answer/s
A

Difference in length of time exposed

B

Difference in how actively the children played

C

Difference in genetic inheritance between the two brothers

D

Difference in lifestyle between the two brothers

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Question 3
Free
Multiple Choice

In which of the following circumstances would it be more helpful to use the wheel model of epidemiology than the epidemiological triangle model?

Choose correct answer/s
A

When factors outside the triangle model are involved

B

When there are multiple causes for a chronic disease

C

When research has not yet determined the exact cause

D

When trying to explain the situation to a lay person

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Question 4
Free
Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the importance of discovering all of the variables that may be involved in creating a disease state in some persons?

Choose correct answer/s
A

People want an explanation of why they are ill.

B

Knowing causes helps obtain funds for research to try to create a cure.

C

Finding variables that are susceptible to prevention or early intervention is important.

D

It is important to educate communities on how to avoid any risk factors.

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Question 5
Free
Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the advantage of the web of causation model in comparison with the epidemiological triangle model?

Choose correct answer/s
A

The web of causation model is easier to understand and use.

B

The web of causation model is more widely known and publicized.

C

The web of causation model is more recent and current.

D

The web of causation model shows the relationships among variables.

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Question 6
Multiple Choice

Which of the following has been determined to be a major variable in transmission of sexually transmitted infections?

Choose correct answer/s
A
The pathogenesis of the involved agents
B
The susceptibility of the host
C
The environment in which the hosts live
D
The amount of sex education provided in the schools
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Question 7
Multiple Choice

A community health nurse determined exactly how many cases of a particular disease were currently occurring in the community. Which of the following actions should the nurse take before determining what interventions should be planned?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Analyze whether the disease was a priority to the nurse's agency
B
Compare the current rate with the previous rate of disease
C
Determine what resources are available to intervene
D
Share the findings with the public health agency leadership
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Question 8
Multiple Choice

People were very concerned about another outbreak of swine flu. All care providers were asked to report, without individual names, any new cases to the public health department for tracking. Which of the following would be most helpful for the local media to report to keep citizens informed?

Choose correct answer/s
A
The ongoing incidence rate
B
The ongoing prevalence of the illness
C
How many were hospitalized
D
How many had died so far in local hospitals and care facilities
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Question 9
Multiple Choice

When trying to determine whether the swine flu outbreak was getting worse, which of the following rates should be carefully observed?

Choose correct answer/s
A
The crude death rate
B
The age-specific death rate
C
The swine flu incidence rate
D
The swine flu prevalence rate
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Question 10
Multiple Choice

A newspaper published an article stating that the athletic banquet at the local high school had approximately 1000 family members in attendance. Exactly 650 persons became ill within 24 hours, complaining of severe diarrhea, vomiting, and cramping. Which of the following best describes the attack rate?

Choose correct answer/s
A
650 persons
B
1000 persons
C
650:1000
D
6.5%
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Question 11
Multiple Choice

In a particular community, the rate of new cases of diabetes and the rate of new cases of flu during the month of January were precisely the same. Which disease would have the higher prevalence rate?

Choose correct answer/s
A
As an acute condition, flu would have the higher prevalence rate.
B
As a chronic condition, diabetes would have the higher prevalence rate.
C
Flu would have the higher prevalence rate because people can get flu several times in one season.
D
Flu would have the higher prevalence rate because it is so contagious.
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Question 12
Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes why the incidence and prevalence of gonorrhea is unknown?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Gonorrhea is not a reportable condition.
B
Gonorrhea can vary in how long the infection remains in the body.
C
Gonorrhea can be cured with antibiotics, so people do not remain infected.
D
People are ashamed to admit they have gonorrhea.
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Question 13
Multiple Choice

Which of the following groups should be used to determine the community's pregnancy rate?

Choose correct answer/s
A
All persons between 15 and 45 years old in the community
B
The total population of the community
C
The total population of women in the community
D
Women between 15 and 45 years old in the community
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Question 14
Multiple Choice

Which of the following research studies would determine the attributable risk of a sedentary lifestyle in cardiac disease?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Measuring all cases of cardiac problems in a specific community
B
Comparing the number of persons with cardiac disease among athletes with the number among nonathletes in a community
C
Subtracting the rate of cardiac disease among athletes from the rate of cardiac disease among nonathletes
D
Calculating the relative risk and then subtracting the attack rate to determine the attributable risk
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Question 15
Multiple Choice

A nurse conducted a study of two skin lotions: (1) an inexpensive one and (2) an expensive one. The nurse found that there was a relative risk of 0.7 for skin sores using the inexpensive one and a relative risk of 1.2 using the expensive one. Which skin lotion should the nurse use?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Impossible to tell from the data given
B
It made no difference which lotion was used
C
The expensive lotion
D
The inexpensive lotion
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Question 16
Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a model that demonstrates the progression of disease from prepathogenesis through disease outcome?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Epidemiological model
B
Ecosocial model
C
Natural history model
D
Wheel model
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Question 17
Multiple Choice

A student athlete receives a screening examination before being active in school sports. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Health prevention
B
Primary prevention
C
Secondary prevention
D
Tertiary prevention
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Question 18
Multiple Choice

For which of the following would a screening test be most appropriate?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Disease A, which must be caught early because society punishes those known to have the disease
B
Disease B, which can be controlled if caught early in the disease process
C
Disease C, which people need to know whether they have contracted, even though there is no treatment for the disease
D
Disease D, because people may want to use that information in family planning
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Question 19
Multiple Choice

One hundred women received notification that their screening tests suggested that they might have a serious health problem. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to ensure that they will complete follow-up testing?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Compliment them on their willingness to be tested and suggest an immediate appointment before they have too much time to think about the issue.
B
Imply that the test could be wrong; the testing materials may not be effective, but the only way to be sure is to be tested further.
C
Point out that screening is only suggestive and that not all positive screenings mean they actually have the health problem.
D
Reassurance is not therapeutic; reality must be faced. Emphasize the need for immediate treatment.
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Question 20
Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be the best method to increase the positive predictive value of a screening test?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Test a large population at once
B
Test a group at high risk for the health problem
C
Use a very sensitive screening test
D
Use a very specific screening test
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