Evolution Of High-mass Stars

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Question 1
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All evolutionary differences between high- and low-mass stars can be attributed to differences in the amount of gravity each star possesses.

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Question 2
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High-mass stars differ from low-mass stars in that they burn helium to carbon when on the main sequence.

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Question 3
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Fusion reactions that create chemical elements heavier than oxygen require energy input,thus these reactions cannot provide a star with power.

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Question 4
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The production of large numbers of neutrons in nuclear reactions at the core of a massive star helps rob the core of energy and speeds its eventual collapse.

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Question 5
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The densest state of matter found in nature occurs inside a white dwarf star.

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Question 6
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Type Ia and Type II supernovae are approximately equal in luminosity.

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Question 7
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Most of the uranium (U; atomic mass = 238)found on the Earth was formed in Type II supernovae explosions.

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Question 8
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Pulsating variable stars are more commonly known as pulsars.

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Question 9
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The abundances of elements in the Crab Nebula (image below),like all planetary nebulae,show that it formed as the byproduct of fusion present in low-mass stars.
image

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Question 10
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Every pulsar is a neutron star,but not every neutron star is a pulsar.

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Question 11
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Einstein's special theory of relativity implies that if a person standing at the front of a train traveling at 0.1 km/s shines a flashlight out in front of the train,the emitted photons will travel at a speed of 300,000.1 km/s.

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Question 12
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Special relativity says that moving clocks run slower.

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Question 13
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Gravity is nothing more than a curvature in the fabric of spacetime.

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Question 14
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Gravitational lensing allows us to see distant objects that would otherwise be blocked by a star or galaxy.

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Question 15
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Black holes have an infinitely small radius,but a finite event horizon.

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Question 16
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Black holes emit no light whatsoever.

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Question 17
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Which of the stars from the figure below would show variability in its brightness? image

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A
Star A
B
Star B
C
Star C
D
Star D
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Question 18
Multiple Choice

If you measure the average brightness and pulsation period of a Cepheid variable star,you can also determine its:

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age
B
rotation period
C
distance
D
mass
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Question 19
Multiple Choice

Examine the figure below.Hydrogen burns through the CNO cycle only in high-mass main-sequence stars because of the greater __________ in their cores. image

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A
concentration of heavy elements like carbon
B
densities
C
abundance of hydrogen
D
temperatures
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Question 20
Multiple Choice

As a high-mass main-sequence star evolves off the main sequence,it follows a __________ on the H-R diagram.

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A
nearly vertical path
B
path of constant radius
C
roughly horizontal path
D
None of the above answers is correct.
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