Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

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Question 1

Free

Multiple Choice

A patient has dehydration. While planning care, the nurse considers that the majority of the patient's total water volume exists in with compartment?

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Intracellular

Extracellular

Intravascular

Transcellular

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Question 2

Free

Multiple Choice

The nurse is teaching about the process of passively moving water from an area of lower particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration. Which process is the nurse describing?

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Osmosis

Filtration

Diffusion

Active transport

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Question 3

Free

Multiple Choice

The nurse observes edema in a patient who has venous congestion from right heart failure. Which type of pressure facilitated the formation of the patient's edema?

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Osmotic

Oncotic

Hydrostatic

Concentration

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Question 4

Free

Multiple Choice

The nurse administers an intravenous (IV) hypertonic solution to a patient. In which direction will the fluid shift?

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From intracellular to extracellular

From extracellular to intracellular

From intravascular to intracellular

From intravascular to interstitial

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Question 5

Free

Multiple Choice

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results. Which cation will the nurse observe is the most abundant in the blood?

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Sodium

Chloride

Potassium

Magnesium

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

The nurse receives the patient's most recent blood work results. Which laboratory value is of greatest concern?

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Sodium of 145 mEq/L

Calcium of 15.5 mg/dL

Potassium of 3.5 mEq/L

Chloride of 100 mEq/L

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

The nurse observes that the patient's calcium is elevated. When checking the phosphate level, what does the nurse expect to see?

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Increased

Decreased

Equal to calcium

No change in phosphate

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

Four patients arrive at the emergency department at the same time. Which patient will the nurse see first?

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An infant with temperature of 102.2° F and diarrhea for 3 days

A teenager with a sprained ankle and excessive edema

A middle-aged adult with abdominal pain who is moaning and holding her stomach

An older adult with nausea and vomiting for 3 days with blood pressure 112/60

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

A 2-year-old child is brought into the emergency department after ingesting a medication that causes respiratory depression. For which acid-base imbalance will the nurse most closely monitor this child?

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Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

A patient is admitted for a bowel obstruction and has had a nasogastric tube set to low intermittent suction for the past 3 days. Which arterial blood gas values will the nurse expect to observe?

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Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory acidosis

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

Which blood gas result will the nurse expect to observe in a patient with respiratory alkalosis?

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pH 7.60, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, HCO3- 30 mEq/L

pH 7.53, PaCO2 30 mm Hg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L

pH 7.35, PaCO2 35 mm Hg, HCO3- 26 mEq/L

pH 7.25, PaCO2 48 mm Hg, HCO3- 23 mEq/L

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

A nurse is caring for a patient whose ECG presents with changes characteristic of hypokalemia. Which assessment finding will the nurse expect?

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Dry mucous membranes

Abdominal distention

Distended neck veins

Flushed skin

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

In which patient will the nurse expect to see a positive Chvostek sign?

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A 7-year-old child admitted for severe burns

A 24-year-old adult admitted for chronic alcohol abuse

A 50-year-old patient admitted for an acute exacerbation of hyperparathyroidism

A 75-year-old patient admitted for a broken hip related to osteoporosis

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

A patient is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which organ system is responsible for compensation in this patient?

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Renal

Endocrine

Respiratory

Gastrointestinal

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

A nurse is caring for a patient with peripheral intravenous (IV) therapy. Which task will the nurse assign to the nursing assistive personnel?

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Recording intake and output

Regulating intravenous flow rate

Starting peripheral intravenous therapy

Changing a peripheral intravenous dressing

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

The nurse is caring for a diabetic patient in renal failure who is in metabolic acidosis. Which laboratory findings are consistent with metabolic acidosis?

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pH 7.3, PaCO2 36 mm Hg, HCO3- 19 mEq/L

pH 7.5, PaCO2 35 mm Hg, HCO3- 35 mEq/L

pH 7.32, PaCO2 47 mm Hg, HCO3- 23 mEq/L

pH 7.35, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, HCO3- 25 mEq/L

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

The nurse is assessing a patient and finds crackles in the lung bases and neck vein distention. Which action will the nurse take first?

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Offer calcium-rich foods.

Administer diuretic.

Raise head of bed.

Increase fluids.

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

A chemotherapy patient has gained 5 pounds in 2 days. Which assessment question by the nurse is most appropriate?

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"Are you following any weight loss program?"

"How many calories a day do you consume?"

"Do you have dry mouth or feel thirsty?"

"How many times a day do you urinate?"

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

The health care provider has ordered a hypotonic intravenous (IV) solution to be administered. Which IV bag will the nurse prepare?

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0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS)

0.9% sodium chloride (NS)

Lactated Ringer's (LR)

Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringer's (D5LR)

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

The health care provider asks the nurse to monitor the fluid volume status of a heart failure patient and a patient at risk for clinical dehydration. Which is the most effective nursing intervention for monitoring both of these patients?

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Assess the patients for edema in extremities.

Ask the patients to record their intake and output.

Weigh the patients every morning before breakfast.

Measure the patients' blood pressures every 4 hours.

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