Fluid, Electrolyte, And Acid-base Imbalances

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Question 1

Free

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct proportion of water to body weight to be expected in a healthy male adult's body:

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30%

45%

60%

70%

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Question 2

Free

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct proportion of blood (to body weight) in an adult male's body:

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30%

20%

10%

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Question 3

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Multiple Choice

Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:

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perspiration only.

feces only.

perspiration and expiration.

urine and feces.

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Question 4

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Multiple Choice

When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water would shift from the:

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blood into the cells.

interstitial compartment into the cells.

interstitial compartment into the blood.

cells into the interstitial compartment.

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Question 5

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?

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Increased osmotic pressure

Decreased osmotic pressure

Increased hydrostatic pressure

Decreased hydrostatic pressure

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would cause edema?

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Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure

Increased capillary osmotic pressure

Decreased capillary permeability

Increased capillary permeability

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?

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Fluid excess

Fluid deficit

Increased sodium level

Decreased erythrocytes

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Question 8

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Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?

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Rapid, strong pulse

Low hematocrit

Increased urine output

Rough oral mucosa

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

Which of the following terms refers to a combination of decreased circulating blood volume combined with excess fluid in a body cavity?

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Dehydration

Third-spacing

Hypovolemia

Water retention

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid?

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Sodium

Potassium

Calcium

Iron

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia?

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Loss of the thirst mechanism

Excessive sweating

Excessive aldosterone secretion

Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?

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Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps

Oliguria

Elevated serum pH

Cardiac arrhythmias

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct effect of increased parathyroid hormone.

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Increased movement of calcium ions into the bones

Increased activation of vitamin D

Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract

Decreased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

Which of the following causes tetany?

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Increased permeability of nerve membranes due to low serum calcium

Excess calcium ions in skeletal muscle due to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Excess calcium ions inside somatic nerves as a result of neoplasms

Increased stimulation of the nerves in the cerebral cortex

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

In which of the following processes is phosphate ion NOT a major component?

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Bone metabolism

Metabolic processes involving adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Blood clotting

Acid-base balance

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be considered normal serum pH?

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4.5-8

7.0

7.4

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

When many excess hydrogen ions accumulate in the blood, what happens to serum pH? The pH:

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decreases.

increases.

remains constant.

varies based on metabolism.

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

What is the slowest but most effective control for acid-base balance?

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Respiratory system

Buffer systems in the blood

Kidneys

Brain

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range?

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Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion must be present in equal quantities.

All excess carbonic acid must be excreted by the kidneys.

The concentration of bicarbonate ion must remain constant.

The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion must be 1:20.

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

Which is the correct effect on the body of abnormally slow respirations?

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Increased carbonic acid

Decreased carbonic acid

Increased bicarbonate ion

Decreased bicarbonate ion

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