Genetics Of Bacteria And Bacteriophages

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Question 1

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Short Answer

Please select the best match for each term.
A)A sex factor plasmid contained in donor bacterial cells that allows mating
B)A self-replicating,circular DNA that is distinct from the main bacterial chromosome
C)The unidirectional transfer of extracellular DNA into cells
D)The transfer of genes from one bacterium to another by phage vectors
E)The unidirectional transfer of genetic information through direct cellular contact between a donor bacterial cell and a recipient bacterial cell
-1)Conjugation
2)Transformation
3)Transduction
4)F factor
5)Plasmid

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Question 2

Free

Multiple Choice

________ bacterial strains require nutritional supplements to grow in a minimal medium.

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Autotrophic

Prototrophic

Phototrophic

Heterotrophic

Auxotrophic

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Question 3

Free

Multiple Choice

Minimal media is

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growth media used in the smallest volume in which cells can grow.

growth media designed to minimize the growth of contaminants.

growth media that contains the minimal nutritional requirements for normal cells.

a way to visualize new mutations in a minimum amount of time.

used to reveal only mutant cell colonies against a dark background.

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Question 4

Free

Multiple Choice

An arg^- strain of E.coli is transformed with a plasmid carrying the wild-type (arg⁺)gene.The transformed cells are replica-plated to two minimal medium plates: one supplemented with arginine and one lacking arginine.The transformed cells would grow on

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only the plate supplemented with arginine.

only the plate lacking arginine.

both plates.

neither plate.

the plate supplemented with arginine,but only if a mutation occurred.

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Question 5

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Multiple Choice

When Lederberg and Tatum performed their experiments on gene transfer in bacteria that lead to our understanding of conjugation,what were their controls?

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They mixed strains A and B together.

They put strain A on one side of a U-shaped tube and strain B on the other,with a filter between them.

They found bio^- met^- cells.

They plated strain A and strain B separately onto minimal media plates to screen for spontaneous prototrophs.

They observed mating bridges with transmission electron microscopes.

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

A plasmid such as an F factor that is capable of integrating into the bacterial chromosome is a(n)

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prophage.

episome.

auxisome.

perisome.

elaiosome.

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

Cotransductants can be detected when the transduced genes are

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closely linked.

far apart on the same chromosome.

on different chromosomes.

mutant.

Both B and D

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

mtl,polA,and xyl are bacterial genes that can be transmitted using an Hfr strain.An interrupted mating experiment resulted in xyl exconjugants appearing at 7 minutes and reaching maximum level by 30 minutes.The mtl gene function exconjugants appeared at 11 minutes and leveled off at 80% maximum by about 33 minutes,while polA did not appear until 24 minutes into the experiment and then only slowly rose to about 30%.Which of the following shows the gene order with the insertion site (arrow)location correctly?

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xyl mtl polA →

polA mtl xyl →

mtl xyl polA →

mtl polA xyl →

None of these

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

Conjugation by which of the following with an F^- cell results in a cell that remains F^-?

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F⁺

Hfr

A and C

B and C

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

The reason that many plasmids used in laboratories for transformation experiments contain an ampicillin resistance gene (amp_R)is

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so that the plasmid can replicate in bacterial cells.

so that the plasmid can recombine with the bacterial genome.

to enable the recipient cell to conjugate.

to provide a selectable marker.

to map point mutations.

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

In a genetic cross between two bacteriophage T4 rII mutants,r⁺ recombinants are produced.The genetic changes in these two rII mutants must be

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heterozygous.

heteroallelic.

homozygous.

homoallelic.

polymorphic.

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

In E.coli,λ DNA integrates into which site on the bacterial chromosome?

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ori

trp

bio

gal

att

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

To grow on artificial medium,prototrophic bacteria require

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sunlight.

amino acid supplements.

vitamin supplements.

All of these

None of these

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

E.coli strains that are Hfr

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are easily mutated.

are susceptible to infection by bacteriophage.

contain the F factor integrated in the bacterial chromosome.

cannot be made competent.

have a low frequency of recombination.

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

The E.coli chromosome is

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linear.

circular.

single-stranded.

less than a megabase in length.

compartmentalized within an intracellular membrane.

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

Which of the following methods can be used to create competent bacterial cells?

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Treating the cells chemically

Exposing cells to a strong electric field

Making the cell membrane more permeable to DNA

Allowing the culture to enter stationary phase growth

A,B,and C only

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

In general,transformation of most genes occurs at a frequency of one in every ________ cells.

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100

1,000

10,000

1,000,000

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is true regarding a temperate phage?

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It can reproduce at warm or cool temperatures.

It is required for transformation.

It can be lytic or lysogenic.

It causes bacterial cells to conjugate.

It reproduces by binary fission.

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

In the lysogenic bacteriophage life cycle,the λ chromosome

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replicates and the phage genes take over the bacterium.

inserts itself physically into the host cell's chromosome.

expresses a repressor protein gene that inhibits the lytic pathway.

is replaced by a piece of bacterial DNA when packaged inside phage progeny.

Both B and C

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

Cotransductant bacteria can occur if

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a bacterial cell picks up two fragments of DNA from the environment,each with a different gene.

double crossover occurs between prophage DNA and the bacterial chromosome.

two genes are closely linked enough so that they can be packaged into a phage head and injected into a cell by a single phage.

two genes are introduced into the same bacterium by simultaneous infection with two different phages.

Both C and D

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Genetics Of Bacteria And Bacteriophages

________ bacterial strains require nutritional supplements to grow in a minimal medium.

Minimal media is

An arg- strain of E.coli is transformed with a plasmid carrying the wild-type (arg+)gene.The transformed cells are replica-plated to two minimal medium plates: one supplemented with arginine and one lacking arginine.The transformed cells would grow on

When Lederberg and Tatum performed their experiments on gene transfer in bacteria that lead to our understanding of conjugation,what were their controls?

A plasmid such as an F factor that is capable of integrating into the bacterial chromosome is a(n)

Cotransductants can be detected when the transduced genes are

Conjugation by which of the following with an F- cell results in a cell that remains F-?

The reason that many plasmids used in laboratories for transformation experiments contain an ampicillin resistance gene (ampR)is

In a genetic cross between two bacteriophage T4 rII mutants,r+ recombinants are produced.The genetic changes in these two rII mutants must be

In E.coli,λ DNA integrates into which site on the bacterial chromosome?

To grow on artificial medium,prototrophic bacteria require

E.coli strains that are Hfr

The E.coli chromosome is

Which of the following methods can be used to create competent bacterial cells?

In general,transformation of most genes occurs at a frequency of one in every ________ cells.

Which of the following statements is true regarding a temperate phage?

In the lysogenic bacteriophage life cycle,the λ chromosome

Cotransductant bacteria can occur if

An arg^- strain of E.coli is transformed with a plasmid carrying the wild-type (arg⁺)gene.The transformed cells are replica-plated to two minimal medium plates: one supplemented with arginine and one lacking arginine.The transformed cells would grow on

Conjugation by which of the following with an F^- cell results in a cell that remains F^-?

The reason that many plasmids used in laboratories for transformation experiments contain an ampicillin resistance gene (amp_R)is

In a genetic cross between two bacteriophage T4 rII mutants,r⁺ recombinants are produced.The genetic changes in these two rII mutants must be