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The Great Twentieth-century Crisis

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Question 1
Free
Multiple Choice

Lenin did NOT believe that

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A

the Bolsheviks were a disciplined elite leading the Revolution.

B

imperialism was a symptom of capitalist decay.

C

World War I was a civil war among capitalists.

D

the Revolution would have to be secured in Russia alone, since the other European countries were unlikely to experience communism.

E

the Bolsheviks needed to recognize the peasants' land hunger.

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Question 2
Free
Multiple Choice

Lenin's revolutionary policies included

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A

the nationalization of land and factories.

B

the use of secret police to find counter-revolutionaries.

C

the abolition of all social titles.

D

the declaration of the equality of the sexes.

E

All these answers are correct.

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Question 3
Free
Multiple Choice

After the Bolsheviks seized power in the fall of 1917, they

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A

welcomed the aid of other Russian socialist movements.

B

decided to make peace with the Germans.

C

offered all Russians a chance to buy their own land or business.

D

dissolved the local Soviets as unnecessary now that the revolution had arrived.

E

All these answers are correct.

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Question 4
Free
Multiple Choice

Lenin's New Economic Policy did NOT include

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A

a tax-in-kind on peasants.

B

disposal of agricultural surplus for profit on open markets.

C

small retail concerns allowed to run as private businesses.

D

denationalization of factories.

E

fiscal reforms.

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Question 5
Free
Multiple Choice

In what ways was fascism akin to socialism?

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A

It repudiated parliamentary government and liberal individualism.

B

It advocated the welfare of the masses.

C

It advocated the abolition of private property.

D

It both advocated the welfare of the masses and repudiated parliamentary government and liberal individualism.

E

All these answers are correct.

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Question 6
Multiple Choice

The Italian Fascist party used which of the following to secure its power?

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A
force and the parliamentary system
B
an attack on the papacy
C
shared leadership
D
increased foreign trade
E
All these answers are correct.
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Question 7
Multiple Choice

In the Fascist corporate state

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A
all workers in a given sector of the economy were organized into confederations.
B
large corporations were granted special rights.
C
business leaders were encouraged to express their views on state policy.
D
the state was arbiter between trade unions and employers.
E
workers were encouraged to strike.
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Question 8
Multiple Choice

Freud's theory of the workings of the human psyche was most shocking to Victorian society because it

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A
advocated the use of shock therapy.
B
ascribed sexual lust to persons of every age.
C
used hypnosis to uncover the keys to neuroses.
D
declared human actions to be, for the most part, unconscious.
E
considered religion as the satisfaction of infantile needs.
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Question 9
Multiple Choice

The analytic philosophy of Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein

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A
found truth and justice in much the same way Socrates had.
B
concerned itself with issues of civic good in capitalist society.
C
attempted to define and analyze with precision.
D
both found truth and justice in much the same way Socrates had and concerned itself with issues of civic good in capitalist society.
E
All these answers are correct.
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Question 10
Multiple Choice

Which words best describe the common features of artistic and intellectual work in the inter-war period?

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A
confidence and moralism
B
irrationality and shock
C
decorum and formalism
D
accessibility and optimism
E
rationality and conformity
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Question 11
Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a correct match?

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A
Virginia Woolf: "stream of consciousness" novel
B
Max Weber: a founder of modern social science
C
Dada: form follows function in architecture
D
Heisenberg: "uncertainty principle"
E
Kafka: psychology of guilt
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Question 12
Multiple Choice

Which of the following was NOT a common feature of European fascism in the 1930s?

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A
paramilitary organization
B
street drama
C
use of nationalist sentiment to evolve patriotism
D
establishment of a free market economy
E
the use of uniforms
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Question 13
Multiple Choice

According to J.M.Keynes, governments should deal with the effects of business recessions by

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A
lowering interest rates and increasing public spending.
B
reducing taxes and restricting budgets.
C
taking over financial institutions.
D
breaking the power of organized labor in order to allow the free market to operate.
E
protecting their markets through tariffs.
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Question 14
Multiple Choice

Which group was LEAST likely to support the Nazis?

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A
workers
B
small business and tradespeople
C
civil service employees
D
farmers
E
nationalists, industrialists, and militarists
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Question 15
Multiple Choice

Hitler became chancellor by

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A
mounting a military coup.
B
gaining sufficient votes to form a majority parliamentary coalition.
C
seizing power after Hindenberg's death.
D
bribing key government officials.
E
None of these answers is correct.
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Question 16
Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT correct? Hitler consolidated Nazi power by

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A
eliminating unemployment through government spending programs.
B
outlawing alternative political parties.
C
purging leftist dissenters within his own party.
D
banning the activities of the churches in Germany.
E
establishing concentration camps.
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Question 17
Multiple Choice

Despite the fact that Lenin favored Trotsky, Stalin became the next Soviet leader because

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A
he was a brilliant theoretician of Marxism.
B
he was a successful military leader.
C
he was a good organizer and had the loyalty of party officials.
D
Trotsky repudiated communism.
E
Lenin designated him as his successor.
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Question 18
Multiple Choice

By 1939 Soviet Russia, owing to the accomplishments of the First, Second, and Third Five-Year Plans, ranked third among the world's industrial nations behind

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A
Great Britain and the United States.
B
the United States and Japan.
C
the United States and Germany.
D
Great Britain and Germany.
E
Great Britain and France.
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Question 19
Multiple Choice

Stalin's transformation of the Soviet Union in the 1930s did not include

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A
forbidding peasants to have individual plots or private tools.
B
reducing some of the freedoms of women, students, and intellectuals that had characterized the 1920s.
C
purging the Communist party of reactionaries
D
allowing opportunities for advancement.
E
the use of propaganda.
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Question 20
Multiple Choice

In France the Popular Front government of Léon Blum fell because

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A
forces of the left found it too sympathetic to the fascists.
B
the support it provided for the Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War was unpopular.
C
its reforms on behalf of the workers were feared by conservatives.
D
it was unwilling to take actions to counter the effects of the Depression.
E
he was Jewish.
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