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High-risk Newborn: Complications Associated With Gestational Age And Development

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Question 1
Free
Multiple Choice

Which is most helpful in preventing premature birth?

Choose correct answer/s
A

High socioeconomic status

B

Adequate prenatal care

C

Aid to Families with Dependent Children

D

Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) nutritional program

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Question 2
Free
Multiple Choice

In comparison with the term infant, the preterm infant has:

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A

More subcutaneous fat.

B

Well-developed flexor muscles.

C

Few blood vessels visible through the skin.

D

Greater surface area in proportion to weight.

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Question 3
Free
Multiple Choice

Decreased surfactant production in the preterm lung is a problem because:

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A

Surfactant keeps the alveoli open during expiration.

B

Surfactant causes increased permeability of the alveoli.

C

Surfactant dilates the bronchioles, decreasing airway resistance.

D

Surfactant provides transportation for oxygen to enter the blood supply.

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Question 4
Free
Multiple Choice

A preterm infant is on a respirator, with intravenous lines and much equipment. When the parents come to visit for the first time, which is an important response by the nurse?

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A

Encourage the parents to touch their infant.

B

Reassure the parents that the infant is progressing well.

C

Discuss the care they will give their infant when the infant goes home.

D

Suggest that the parents visit for only a short time to reduce their anxiety.

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Question 5
Free
Multiple Choice

Which preterm infant should receive gavage feedings instead of bottle feedings?

Choose correct answer/s
A

Sucks on a pacifier during gavage feedings

B

Sometimes gags when a feeding tube is inserted

C

Has a sustained respiratory rate of 70 breaths/min

D

Has an axillary temperature of 98.4° F, an apical pulse of 149 beats/min, and respirations of 54 breaths/min

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Question 6
Multiple Choice

Overstimulation may cause increased oxygen use in a preterm infant. Which nursing intervention helps to avoid this problem?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Group all care activities together to provide long periods of rest.
B
Keep charts on top of the incubator so the nurses can write on them there.
C
While giving a report to the next nurse, stand in front of the incubator and talk softly about how the infant responds to stimulation.
D
Teach the parents signs of overstimulation, such as turning the face away or stiffening and extending the extremities and fingers.
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Question 7
Multiple Choice

A characteristic of a post-term infant who weighs 7 lb, 12 oz, and who lost weight in utero, is:

Choose correct answer/s
A
Soft and supple skin.
B
A hematocrit level of 55%.
C
Lack of subcutaneous fat.
D
An abundance of vernix caseosa.
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Question 8
Multiple Choice

In caring for the preterm infant, which complication is thought to be a result of high arterial blood oxygen level?

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A
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
B
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
C
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
D
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
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Question 9
Multiple Choice

In caring for the post-term infant, thermoregulation can be a concern, especially in an infant who also has a(n):

Choose correct answer/s
A
Hematocrit level of 58%.
B
RBC count of 5 million/mL.
C
WBC count of 15,000 cells/mm3.
D
Blood glucose level of 25 mg/dL.
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Question 10
Multiple Choice

Which is true about newborns classified as small for gestational age (SGA)?

Choose correct answer/s
A
They weigh less than 2500g.
B
They are born before 38 weeks of gestation.
C
They are below the tenth percentile on gestational growth charts.
D
Placental malfunction is the only recognized cause of this condition.
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Question 11
Multiple Choice

Which nursing action is especially important for an SGA newborn?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Promote bonding.
B
Observe for and prevent dehydration.
C
Observe for respiratory distress syndrome.
D
Prevent hypoglycemia with early and frequent feedings.
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Question 12
Multiple Choice

What will the nurse note when assessing an infant with asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction?

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A
All body parts appear proportionate.
B
The extremities are disproportionate to the trunk.
C
The head seems large compared with the rest of the body.
D
One side of the body appears slightly smaller than the other.
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Question 13
Multiple Choice

Which data should alert the nurse caring for an SGA infant that additional calories may be needed?

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A
The latest hematocrit was 53%.
B
The infant's weight gain is 40 g/day.
C
The infant is taking 120 mL/kg every 24 hours.
D
Three successive temperature measurements were 97°, 96°, and 97° F.
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Question 14
Multiple Choice

Which statement is most true about large-for-gestational age (LGA) infants?

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A
They weigh more than 3500g.
B
They are above the 80th percentile on gestational growth charts.
C
They are prone to hypoglycemia, polycythemia, and birth injuries.
D
Postmaturity syndrome and fractured clavicles are the most common complications.
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Question 15
Multiple Choice

Following the vaginal birth of a macrosomic infant, the nurse should assess the infant for:

Choose correct answer/s
A
Hyperglycemia.
B
Clavicle fractures.
C
Hyperthermia.
D
An increase in red blood cells.
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Question 16
Multiple Choice

An infant delivered preterm at 28 weeks' gestation weighs 1200 g. Based on this information, the infant is designated as:

Choose correct answer/s
A
SGA.
B
VLBW.
C
ELBW.
D
Low birth weight at term.
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Question 17
Multiple Choice

A nurse is observing a 38-week gestation newborn in the nursery. Data reveals periods of apnea lasting approximately 10 seconds followed by a period of rapid respirations. The infant's color and heart rate remain unchanged. The nurse suspects that the infant:

Choose correct answer/s
A
Is exhibiting signs of RDS.
B
Requires tactile stimulation around the clock to ensure that apneic periods do not progress further.
C
Is experiencing periodic breathing episodes and will require continuous monitoring while in the nursery unit.
D
Requires the use of CPAP to promote airway expansion.
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Question 18
Multiple Choice

Which nursing diagnosis would be considered a priority for a newborn infant who is receiving phototherapy in an isolette?

Choose correct answer/s
A
Hypothermia because of phototherapy treatment
B
Impaired skin integrity related to diarrhea as a result of phototherapy
C
Fluid volume deficit related to phototherapy treatment
D
Knowledge deficit (parents) related to initiation of medical therapy
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Question 19
Multiple Choice

An infant presents with lethargy in the newborn nursery on the second day of life. On further examination, vital signs are stable but muscle tone is slightly decreased, with sluggish reflexes noted. Other physical characteristics are noted as being normal. Lab tests reveal a decreased hematocrit and increased blood sugar. The nurse suspects that the infant may be exhibiting signs and symptoms of:

Choose correct answer/s
A
RDS.
B
PIVH.
C
BPD.
D
ROP.
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Question 20
Multiple Choice

To determine a preterm infant's readiness for nipple feeding, the nurse should assess the:

Choose correct answer/s
A
Skin turgor.
B
Bowel sounds.
C
Current weight.
D
Respiratory rate.
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