Historical Factors: Community Health Nursing in Context

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Question 1

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the time period when communities began to agree on collective action to stay healthy?

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When industrialization occurred

When large urban centers began to develop and the population expanded

When people gathered together to settle in villages

When people were nomads engaged in hunting and gathering

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Question 2

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the first measures used by large communities to ensure community health?

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Building safe sewage disposal systems

Healthy food choices and exercise

Praying to the gods for preservation

Use of medicine and other herbal remedies

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Question 3

Free

Multiple Choice

A nurse has determined that there is always a consistent level of people in the population who experience pneumonia. Which of the following best describes the prevalence of this disease?

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Prevalent

Endemic

Epidemic

Pandemic

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Question 4

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes an innovation introduced by the Romans?

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Citizenship duties

Daily street cleaning

Hospitals and nursing homes

Daily exercise

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Question 5

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a modern public health practice that was originally developed as a means of self-protection from the Black Death (bubonic plague)?

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Care in a hospital

Chemical intervention

Isolation and quarantine

Herbal remedies

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

Which of the following diseases provided immunity to smallpox?

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Cowpox

Measles

Mumps

Scarlet fever

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

A scholar during the Sanitary Revolution created medical topographies. What was the advantage of these surveys?

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Citizens knew which wells were safe to use for drinking water.

People knew what housing areas to avoid.

Results demonstrated environmental factors related to regional disease.

The king could isolate areas of disease from safe areas.

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

How did Edwin Chadwick's ideas help decrease disease in the nineteenth century?

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The minimum wage was increased leading to improved quality of life.

Parish workhouses where poverty-level children labored for their room and board were closed.

Social reform legislation resulted in changes such as sidewalks.

The new emphasis on individual responsibility encouraged people to act to protect their own health.

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes how John Snow was able to decrease deaths from cholera?

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Removed a source of contaminated water

Created the world's first antibiotic

Encouraged the new process of vaccination

Helped pass laws that required home quarantine

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the achievement that Lemuel Shattuck is well known for in the United States?

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Publishing the census of Boston, which demonstrated the effect of sanitary reforms

Demonstrating the usefulness of vital statistics by analyzing environmental data

Developing ideas about public health care reform, which were eventually adopted

Establishing a state board of health to deal with the problems he had noted

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

Which of the following nursing interventions would have most likely been used by Florence Nightingale when treating wounded soldiers?

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Establishing private visits with spouses

Improving food, clothing, and cleanliness

Administering intravenous medications

Completing a community assessment of the army hospital

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes how Nightingale responded to challenges about her suggestions for reform of health care?

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She influenced male friends as political leaders to publicize her ideas.

She conveyed her statistical data in more detail and depth, and shared it with political leaders.

She encouraged those who challenged her to come up with more acceptable approaches to lowering the death rate.

She understood their concerns and tried to word her suggestions in a more politically acceptable way.

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

When comparing a surgeon today with a surgeon of Nightingale's time, which of the following best describes the primary difference in how they would operate on a patient?

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Current physicians have better surgical equipment (tools).

Current physicians have nursing support staff in the operating room.

Current physicians would carefully scrub between cases.

Current physicians would prescribe antibiotics in the operating room to avoid possible infections.

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

Which of the following scientific beliefs or ideas eventually changed medical practice and decreased morbidity and mortality?

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Bad fluids cause disease, which can be cured by their removal.

Specific contagious organisms cause disease.

Spontaneous generation theory-disease grows naturally.

The miasmic theory-environmental conditions cause disease.

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

Why did local and state governments start to become more involved in controlling disease?

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Hospitals were becoming overcrowded.

Businesses were unable to make a profit when employees were ill.

Physicians demanded government support in their individual efforts.

Citizens were becoming upset with local conditions.

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

Which of the following interventions was the first step in controlling the incidence of tuberculosis (TB)?

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Institutions were required to report TB cases.

Federal funding was devoted to seeking TB causes and cures.

Physicians began surveillance of TB cases.

States built large public hospitals to treat patients with TB.

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the overall result of Abraham Flexner's report?

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All medical schools reorganized into the German model.

Citizens were encouraged to become more involved in medical education.

Folk healers again became more widely used than physicians.

Funding was withdrawn from weak medical schools.

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

Which of the following groups was primarily responsible for the establishment of the first school of public health?

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The American Medical Association

The Association of State Departments of Public Health

The federal government

The Rockefeller Foundation

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

A family living in England in 1860 was part of the community where district nursing was implemented. Who would most likely have seen this family?

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A social worker and a nurse

A health teacher and a nurse

A nurse

A physician and a nurse

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

Which of the following interventions was most helpful in assisting people become educated on healthful living in nineteenth-century England?

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Brochures were distributed without charge in public places.

Health visitors joined nurses in providing care in the homes.

Nurses spent the majority of their time teaching families.

Schools set up health programs for neighborhood adults.

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