Infection

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Question 1

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Multiple Choice

Bacteria that form an irregular cluster of spheres are called:

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bacilli.

diplococci.

staphylococci.

streptococci.

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Question 2

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Multiple Choice

A strict anaerobe requires which specific environment?

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A dry environment

An acidic medium

Air at a temperature less than 61° F/16° C

The absence of oxygen

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Question 3

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Multiple Choice

The presence of the bacterial capsule:

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aids in the release of endotoxins.

protects the microbe from phagocytosis.

increases the release of toxins and enzymes.

prevents replication of the bacterium.

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Question 4

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Multiple Choice

Microbial mutation means that:

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genetic information has changed.

pathogens become nonpathogens.

the microbe survives adverse conditions but can no longer replicate.

the immune response to that microbe is strengthened.

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Question 5

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Multiple Choice

A bacterial endospore can:

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also be classified as an acid-fast bacterium.

exist in latent form inside a host cell.

reproduce very rapidly.

survive high temperatures and a dry environment.

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

The structure of a virus includes:

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a cell wall and membrane.

metabolic enzymes for replication.

a protein coat and either DNA or RNA.

a slime capsule and cilia.

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

What method do viruses use to replicate?

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Binary fission

Budding of a daughter cell from the parent viral cell

Producing reproductive spores

Using a host cell to produce and assemble components

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

A retrovirus such as HIV contains:

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RNA and enzymes for its conversion.

a double strand of DNA.

many enzymes to limit budding of new virions.

numerous mitochondria.

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

How do antiviral drugs act?

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They interfere with cell wall development.

They decrease cell membrane permeability.

They destroy new, immature viral particles.

They reduce the rate of viral replication.

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

Which statement applies to yeasts?

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They are usually considered to be pathogenic.

They seldom contain a distinct nucleus.

They may cause opportunistic infection in the body.

They are normally not found in large numbers in resident flora.

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT classified as a protozoan agent of disease?

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Plasmodium vivax

Trichomonas vaginalis

Tinea pedis

Entamoeba histolytica

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a characteristic of rickettsia?

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It is a very small gram-negative intracellular microbe.

It exists in three forms.

It causes sexually transmitted disease.

It reproduces by budding.

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

Entamoeba histolytica is transmitted by which of the following?

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Mosquitoes (bites)

Inhaling contaminated particles

Sexual intercourse

Cysts in feces

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a characteristic of resident or normal flora (microflora)?

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It exists in all areas of the body.

Different species inhabit various areas of the body.

It is of no benefit to the human host.

It consists only of bacteria.

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is normally considered sterile?

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Urine

Pharynx

Distal urethra

Vagina

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

The term nosocomial infection means:

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transmission involves an insect or animal host.

acquired in a hospital or medical facility.

transmitted by a fomite.

spread by direct contact with secretions from an open lesion.

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Question 17

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Transmission of microbes by direct contact includes:

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touching a contaminated countertop.

sexual intercourse.

drinking contaminated water.

inhaling dust-borne microbes.

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

What does the term carrier mean?

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A person with active infection who acts as a reservoir for microbes

Animals, insects, objects, or surfaces contaminated by pathogens

An individual who is contagious through infected secretions on the hands

An asymptomatic person whose body harbors pathogens and can transmit them to others

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

Opportunistic infection may develop when:

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pathogens enter the body but cannot colonize the site of entry.

an imbalance occurs in the normal resident flora.

host resistance increases, and the balance of resident flora is restored.

contaminated food or water is unknowingly ingested.

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

Host resistance is promoted by all of the following EXCEPT:

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prescribed immunizations.

chronic respiratory disease.

vitamin and mineral supplements.

appropriate inflammatory or immune response.

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