Introduction To Quantitative Research

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Question 1

Free

Multiple Choice

The measures used by a nurse researcher to maintain uniformity of conditions in a quantitative research study refer to which aspect of the study?

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Accuracy

Methods

Control

Validity

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Question 2

Free

Multiple Choice

What is the overall purpose of the research design in a quantitative research study?

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To determine sample size

To identify the problem statement

To assist the researcher in identifying gaps in the knowledge base

To provide the plan for answering the research question

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Question 3

Free

Multiple Choice

In which of these ways does the nurse researcher's literature review help select the appropriate study design?

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By enlarging the scope of the study's hypotheses

By objectively assessing available knowledge of the area

By comparing current findings with previous study findings

By ensuring faithfulness to the study's purpose

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Question 4

Free

Multiple Choice

When reviewing a research report, the nurse determines that all aspects of a study systematically and logically follow from the research problem. Which condition has been met?

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Accuracy

Feasibility

Internal validity

External validity

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Question 5

Free

Multiple Choice

Which factor is most likely to be a mediating variable in a study to determine if high doses of vitamin C help reduce the subjects' susceptibility to influenza?

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The subjects' use of influenza vaccine

The subject' knowledge of vitamin C's functions

The gender of the potential subjects

The marital status of the potential subjects

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

A nurse researcher is designing a quantitative research study involving a specific group of patients admitted to local hospitals. Which factor would negatively affect the feasibility of this study?

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The local region has a high percentage of families that could participate in the study.

Potential study subjects represented less than 1% of hospital admissions during the year previous to the study.

Study participants who were hospitalized children younger than 5 years could not give direct informed consent to participate in the study.

A comprehensive review of the literature revealed no studies were conducted that examined this question during the past 15 years.

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

A nurse is designing a study to determine whether a videotape or a written pamphlet is more effective in teaching young women how to perform breast self-examination (BSE). Which of these actions would provide the best control for a mediating variable?

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Include identical content in both BSE teaching methods

Exclude subjects who already perform BSE on a regular basis

Limit the study subjects to women who are heterosexual

Determine what breast cancer means to the individual participants

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

How would a nurse researcher ensure that the sample used in a quantitative study is homogeneous?

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Use eligibility criteria to limit extraneous variables relevant to the study.

Randomly assign subjects to either the experimental or the control group.

Assign one research assistant to collect data from all subjects.

Collect data from all subjects at the same time of day.

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

How could a nurse researcher's use of a homogeneous sample weaken a research study?

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By decreasing the reliability of the findings

By decreasing the generalizability of the findings

By increasing the number of subjects needed to reach statistical significance

By increasing the risk that the findings were the result of chance alone

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

Why should a nurse researcher want to limit or eliminate extraneous variables in a study?

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More research questions would be required to account for the extraneous variables.

Extensive statistical analysis would be required to justify the presence of extraneous variables.

Extraneous variables compete with the independent variables as explanations of the study's outcome.

Manipulation of the extraneous variables increases the risk for researcher bias in the study's outcomes.

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

When should a nurse researcher include an extraneous variable as part of a study's design?

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When excluding the variable would limit the study's generalizability

When the variable is an important consideration for the study's outcome

When the researcher is limited by time or monetary constraints

When it would not make a difference in the overall study outcome

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

A study is examining the effect of a new antilipemic drug, compared with placebo, on lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal women. Which of these actions represents the researcher's attempt at constancy in data collection to control extraneous variables?

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Drawing the serum lipoprotein levels of all subjects at the same time of day

Having the same phlebotomist draw serum lipoprotein levels of all subjects

Using the same room for drawing blood for lipoprotein levels of all subjects

Ensuring that all subjects are postmenopausal women taking lipid-lowering medication

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

A nurse researcher assigns half a study sample to an experimental group and the other half to a control group. What does this action represent?

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Instrumentation of the independent variable

Manipulation of the mediating variable

Elimination of the mediating variable

Manipulation of the independent variable

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

For which of these reasons would a nurse researcher choose to assign subjects randomly to groups in a study?

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To help ensure that all groups within a study are representative of the larger population

To increase the chance that the study groups will be different from each other with regard to extraneous variables

To help ensure that current events do not influence the outcomes of the study

To eliminate the need for establishing specific study criteria and subject eligibility

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

A nurse researcher assigns subjects to experimental and control groups in such a manner that each subject in a population has an equal chance of being selected. What is the researcher using?

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Selection bias

Convenience sampling

Randomization

Internal validity

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

The issue of control would be less important in a quantitative study with which type of research design?

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Exploratory

Experimental

Correlational

Randomized clinical trial

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

Which situation represents a threat to internal validity in an experimental study measuring the effect of a videotape of discharge instructions for patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery?

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Both men and women undergoing CABG surgery were included as subjects in the study.

Two new surgeons began performing CABG surgery during the study period.

Patients in the experimental group discussed aspects of the videotape with patients in the control group.

Data collection for the videotape and control groups took 1 year.

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

The nurse researcher designed a study examining anxiety among elementary school children. If a widely publicized murder of a child occurred in the city during the time frame of the study, what type of threat to internal validity would the murder represent?

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Maturation

Instrumentation

Selection bias

Historical

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

A nurse researcher should consider mortality a threat to the study's internal validity for which of these reasons?

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There is concern that the intervention may have harmful effects on subjects.

Those who dropped out of the study may be different than those who remained in the study.

Those who participated in the study may have died as a result of being in the study.

There is concern that the design is inappropriate for the study question if a large number of participants drop out of a study.

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

A nurse researcher can control for selection bias in a study by taking which of these actions?

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Allow subjects to self-select into an experimental or a control group

Handpick the subjects for group assignment

Use defined selection criteria for approaching potential subjects

Have someone other than the researcher select the subjects for the study

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