Molecular Evolution

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Question 1

Free

Multiple Choice

Synonymous changes that arise within coding sequences of genes

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generally have no effect on the phenotype.

are usually detrimental to fitness.

may be eliminated by natural selection.

occur more frequently than nonsynonymous changes.

B and C only

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Question 2

Free

Multiple Choice

Indels are

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index deletions used to identify a species.

parsimonious trees.

transitions and transversions combined.

small deletions or insertions that produce gaps in sequence alignments.

the result of codon usage bias.

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Question 3

Free

Multiple Choice

Higher substitution rates are seen in than in .

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coding regions,noncoding regions

5' flanking regions,3' flanking regions

first codon positions,second codon positions

introns,exons

charged amino acid codons,noncharged amino acid codons

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Question 4

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Multiple Choice

Nonsynonymous substitutions

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do not lead to amino acid change.

lead to amino acid change.

refer to substitutions in unrelated lineages.

affect only certain amino acids.

lead to transversions.

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Question 5

Free

Multiple Choice

What is the number of possible unrooted trees for 5 taxa?

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about molecular evolution is true?

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Homologous genes often evolve in the same way.

Different regions of the same gene evolve at different rates.

Genes in the same organism evolve at about the same rate.

Genes in different organisms evolve at about the same rate.

Nucleotide substitutions are nonrandom.

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

Which of the following does not provide molecular evidence for evolution?

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The 1,000-fold differences in nonsynonymous substitutions between some genes

The existence of pseudogenes

The fact that high-expression genes use amino acids that are less energetically costly than those used by low-expression genes

The fact that there is a lower rate of nucleotide substitutions in coding regions than in noncoding regions of genes

All these are molecular evidence for evolution

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

With regards to the sequence alignment G T C C A T C G G G T C G A T C - G,
Which of the following statements is not true?

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There has been a base deletion.

There has been a base substitution.

There has been a gene conversion.

There has been a transversion.

There is evidence of an indel.

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

Which of the following mutations is considered a synonymous change?

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ACC to AUG

CUU to AUU

CUU to CUA

UUU to UUA

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

Codon bias suggests that

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some codons evolved earlier than others.

not all nonsynonymous substitutions are neutral.

some codons are selectively favored over others.

small fitness effects can make a large difference over time.

some tRNAs are more abundant than others.

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

From the standpoint of evolutionary fitness,it is expected that genes with a high rate of expression will make use of amino acids that are ________ than those amino acids used by genes with a low rate of expression.

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more common

more energetically economical

more energetically costly

rarer

None of these

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

Which of the following types of proteins evolves at the slowest rate?

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Peptide hormones

Collagen

Insulin

Histones

Lipoprotein

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

Which of the following factors does not interfere with the interpretation of evolutionary time using the molecular clock?

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Horizontal gene transfer

Differences in generation time

Mutations due to background cosmic radiation

Different selection pressures on different taxonomic groups

Differences in DNA repair efficiency in different taxonomic groups

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

The greatest genetic differences found in humans are

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found between individuals from different continents.

found between individuals of different racial groups.

found between island populations and mainland populations.

found between individuals of African descent.

found between individuals of European descent.

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

The average synonymous substitution rate in mammalian mitochondrial genes is ________ the average rate for nuclear genes.

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2 times

5 times

10 times

50 times

100 times

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

In the unweighted pair group method (UPGMA)of determining evolutionary relationships,

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each set of taxa is connected by the shortest genetic distance.

a constant rate of evolution across all lineages is assumed.

a distance matrix is first constructed.

A and B only

A,B,and C

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

Reconstructions of the evolutionary relationships of a set of taxa are called

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classifications.

phylogenetic trees.

UPGMA networks.

networks.

evolutionary scenarios.

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

The differences in evolutionary rates of change revealed by relative rate tests may be attributable to

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differential strength of selection.

generation time.

average DNA repair efficiency.

differential exposure to mutagens.

All of these

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

_ tend(s)to occur more frequently than __ .

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Synonymous substitutions,nonsynonymous substitutions

Genetic divergence,genetic convergence

Transitions,transversions

A and B only

A,B,and C

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Question 20

True/False

The noncoding 5' flanking region of genes is more constrained by selection than the noncoding 3' flanking region.

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True

False

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Molecular Evolution

Synonymous changes that arise within coding sequences of genes

Indels are

Higher substitution rates are seen in ________ than in ________ .

Nonsynonymous substitutions

What is the number of possible unrooted trees for 5 taxa?

Which of the following statements about molecular evolution is true?

Which of the following does not provide molecular evidence for evolution?

With regards to the sequence alignment G T C C A T C G G G T C G A T C - G,Which of the following statements is not true?

Which of the following mutations is considered a synonymous change?

Codon bias suggests that

From the standpoint of evolutionary fitness,it is expected that genes with a high rate of expression will make use of amino acids that are ________ than those amino acids used by genes with a low rate of expression.

Which of the following types of proteins evolves at the slowest rate?

Which of the following factors does not interfere with the interpretation of evolutionary time using the molecular clock?

The greatest genetic differences found in humans are

The average synonymous substitution rate in mammalian mitochondrial genes is ________ the average rate for nuclear genes.

In the unweighted pair group method (UPGMA)of determining evolutionary relationships,

Reconstructions of the evolutionary relationships of a set of taxa are called

The differences in evolutionary rates of change revealed by relative rate tests may be attributable to

_______ tend(s)to occur more frequently than ________ .

The noncoding 5' flanking region of genes is more constrained by selection than the noncoding 3' flanking region.

Higher substitution rates are seen in than in .

With regards to the sequence alignment G T C C A T C G G G T C G A T C - G,
Which of the following statements is not true?

_ tend(s)to occur more frequently than __ .