Neoplasms And Cancer

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Question 1

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Multiple Choice

What is a benign neoplasm originating from adipose tissue called?

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Adenoma

Lipoma

Fibrosarcoma

Adenocarcinoma

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Question 2

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Multiple Choice

What are malignant neoplasms arising from connective tissue cells called?

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Carcinomas

Sarcomas

Melanomas

Fibromas

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Question 3

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a characteristic of a benign tumor?

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It is unencapsulated and invasive.

It consists of undifferentiated cells.

It exerts systemic effects.

Cells appear relatively normal.

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Question 4

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Multiple Choice

Which factor provides the basis for the grading of newly diagnosed malignant tumors?

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Size of the tumor

Number of metastases

Degree of differentiation of the cells

Number of lymph nodes involved

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Question 5

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Multiple Choice

A warning sign of possible cancer would be any of the following EXCEPT:

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persistent, unusual bleeding.

a change in bowel habits.

sudden development of fever, nausea, and diarrhea.

a change in shape, color, or surface of a skin lesion.

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

Which of the following does paraneoplastic syndrome refer to?

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The effects of substances such as hormones secreted by the tumor cells

Severe weight loss and cachexia associated with advanced cancer

The decreased resistance to infection resulting from malignant tumors

The effects of multiple metastatic tumors

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Question 7

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Which term refers to the spread of malignant cells through blood and lymph to distant sites?

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Invasiveness

Seeding

Metastasis

Systemic effect

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

One reason for staging a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis is to:

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identify the original cell from which the tumor developed.

locate and identify the primary tumor.

decide the initiating factor for a particular tumor.

determine the best treatment and prognosis.

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

The process of carcinogenesis usually begins with:

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exposure to promoters causing dysplasia.

development of defective genes.

an irreversible change in the cell DNA.

a single exposure to a known risk factor causing temporary cell damage.

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

What would be an external source of ionizing radiation?

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A needle containing a radioisotope implanted beside the tumor

Gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine

A dose of a radioactive drug to be ingested

A fluid containing radioactive material instilled in a body cavity

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Question 11

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Radiation therapy destroys:

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all cells in the tumor at one time.

the cells in the center of the tumor.

primarily rapidly dividing cells.

radioresistant cells.

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Question 12

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The most critical adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy are:

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thrombocytopenia and leucopenia.

headache and lethargy.

nausea and constipation.

alopecia and weight loss.

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

Why does ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis?

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The ovaries are inaccessible for examination.

Specific signs rarely appear until after secondary tumors have developed.

The same tumor markers are present with many types of cancer.

No effective treatment is available.

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

Select the correct pair representing a malignant tumor and its marker:

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colon cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

hepatic cancer: CA125, AFP

prostate cancer: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

testicular cancer: Philadelphia chromosome

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

Antiangiogenesis drugs act on a malignant tumor by:

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promoting the immune response and removal of abnormal tumor cells.

blocking hormonal stimulation of tumor cells.

reducing blood flow and nutrient supply to tumor cells.

transporting radioisotopes into the tumor.

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

The development of neutropenia during chemotherapy for cancer means:

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the cancer cells are being destroyed quickly.

the patient is likely to hemorrhage.

higher doses of chemotherapy could be tolerated by this patient.

the patient is at high risk for infection.

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Question 17

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Malignant brain tumors:

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metastasize quickly to all parts of the body.

spread first to lungs and bone.

spread to other parts of CNS.

do not metastasize anywhere at any time.

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

Identify the common dose-limiting factor for chemotherapy:

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Alopecia

Bone marrow depression

Nausea and vomiting

Weight loss

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

Glucocorticoids are often prescribed during a course of chemotherapy and radiation because:

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glucocorticoids greatly potentiate the effect of chemotherapy.

the immune system is stimulated.

skeletal muscle atrophy will be decreased.

inflammation around the tumor may be reduced.

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

Vomiting frequently follows a chemotherapy treatment because:

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the gastrointestinal tract is irritated.

the chemicals stimulate the emetic center.

the drugs have an unpleasant odor.

A and B

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