Neurological Disorders

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Question 1

Free

Multiple Choice

Through what area does the cerebrospinal fluid circulate around the brain and spinal cord?

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Between the double layers of the dura mater

In the subdural space

In the subarachnoid space

Through the arachnoid villi

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Question 2

Free

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the usual location of language centers?

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Left hemisphere

Right hemisphere

Brainstem

Hypothalamus

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Question 3

Free

Multiple Choice

What would be the effect of damage to the auditory association area in the left hemisphere?

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Loss of hearing in both ears

Inability to understand what is heard

Loss of hearing in the left ear

Inability to determine the source of the sound

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Question 4

Free

Multiple Choice

Which of the following applies to the corticospinal tract?

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It is an ascending tract.

The nerve fibers conduct sensory impulses.

It is an extrapyramidal tract.

It is a pyramidal tract for efferent impulses.

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Question 5

Free

Multiple Choice

What is a major function of the limbic system?

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Overall control of fluid balance

Required for logical thinking, reason, and decision making

Determines emotional responses

Responsible for artistic and musical talents

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

Where are b1-adrenergic receptors located?

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Bronchiolar walls

Arteriolar walls

Cardiac muscle

Glands of the intestinal tract

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

What does a vegetative state refer to?

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Depression of the reticular activating system (RAS) and inability to initiate action

Loss of awareness and intellectual function but continued brainstem function

Continuing intellectual function but inability to communicate or move

Disorientation and confusion with decreased responsiveness

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

Which of the following conditions is NOT part of the criteria for a declaration of "brain death"?

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No activity on EEG

Absence of all reflexes

No spontaneous respirations

Presence of any head injury

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

What is the best definition of aphasia?

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The inability to comprehend or express language appropriately

Difficulty swallowing

Loss of the visual field contralateral to the area of damage

The inability to articulate words clearly

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

What is an early indicator of increased intracranial pressure?

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Papilledema

Bilateral fixed dilated pupils

Decreasing responsiveness

Rapid heart rate

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

What is the rationale for vomiting in a patient who has increased intracranial pressure?

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Chemoreceptors responding to changes in the blood

Pressure extending to spinal nerves

Pressure on the emetic center in the medulla

Stimuli to the hypothalamic center for hunger and thirst

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

What is the typical change in blood pressure in a patient who has increased intracranial pressure?

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Erratic diastolic pressure

Decreasing systolic pressure

Systolic and diastolic pressures decreasing proportionately

Increasing pulse pressure

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

The largest category of primary malignant brain tumors that arise from cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are called:

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gliomas.

sarcomas.

lymphomas.

myelomas.

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

Which of the following causes papilledema?

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Increased pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the optic disc

Increased intraocular pressure

Pressure on the oculomotor nerve

Pressure on the optic chiasm

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

What is the effect of an enlarging brain abscess on cardiovascular activity?

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Increased heart rate and systemic vasodilation

Low blood pressure and irregular heart and respiratory rates

Systemic vasoconstriction and slower heart rate

Immediate depression of the cardiac control centers

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

As intracranial pressure rises, the pupil of the eye, ipsilateral to the lesion, becomes dilated and unresponsive to light because of pressure on the:

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optic nerve.

peripheral nervous system (PNS) fibers in cranial nerve III.

sympathetic nervous system (SNS) nerve to the eye.

occipital lobe.

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

Which of the following characteristics indicates that the CSF is normal?

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Cloudy and pale yellow color

Presence of erythrocytes

Presence of numerous leukocytes

Clear and colorless fluid

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is TRUE about malignant brain tumors?

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Most brain tumors arise from malignant neurons.

Primary brain tumors rarely metastasize outside the CNS.

The blood-brain barrier prevents secondary brain tumors.

Brainstem tumors do not manifest signs until they are quite large.

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

Secondary brain tumors usually arise from:

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severe head trauma.

metastasized breast or lung tumors.

exposure to carcinogenic agents.

exposure to radiation.

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

Why are focal or generalized seizures sometimes an early indication of a brain tumor?

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Surrounding inflammation stimulates neurons to discharge spontaneously.

Malignant tumors cause alkalosis, exciting the CNS.

Systemic effects of the brain tumor may cause seizures.

Metabolic effects of cancer change blood chemistry to trigger seizures.

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