Patterns Of Inheritance

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Question 1

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Multiple Choice

Which factor allows inheritance patterns for a specific trait or health problem to be traced from one family generation to another?

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Pleiotropy

Allele segregation

Regression to the mean

Gene-environment interaction

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Question 2

Free

Multiple Choice

If there are 10 possible alleles for the single-gene trait of nose shape, how many alleles can a person with euploid chromosomes inherit from his or her biological parents?

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Question 3

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Multiple Choice

An infant with type B blood is born to parents who both have type O blood. What genetic action or phenomenon is responsible for this unusual blood type expression?

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Decreased penetrance of a dominant trait

Variable expressivity of a recessive trait

Inactivation of both parents' X chromosomes

Failure of one parent's blood-type gene alleles to segregate

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Question 4

Free

Multiple Choice

Is it possible for two parents with achondroplasia to have a child who is of normal stature?

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Yes, because the disorder is autosomal dominant, and if both parents are heterozygous, the child could inherit two normal stature gene alleles.

Yes, if the parent who is homozygous for the gene mutation demonstrates variable expressivity of the health problem.

No, because the disorder is autosomal recessive, and the child can only inherit two mutated gene alleles for the health problem.

No, because homozygosity for this health problem is lethal.

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Question 5

Free

Multiple Choice

What is the risk for a person to inherit an autosomal-dominant genetic disease-causing allele from a parent who is heterozygous if the disorder has a penetrance factorof 75%?

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100%

75%

50%

25%

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

Which statement reflects the criterion for autosomal-dominant transmission of single-gene traits?

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The risk for a person who is homozygous for the trait to transmit the trait to his or her children is 100% with each pregnancy.

The trait often remains unexpressed within a kindred for many generations until a change in environment promotes its expression.

Males in a kindred are more likely to express the trait when the mother has the trait, and females in a kindred are more likely to express the trait when the father has the trait.

Females in a kindred are more likely to express the trait when the mother has the trait, and males in a kindred are more likely to express the trait when the father has the trait.

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

In which situation are phenotype and genotype always the same?

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X-linked-recessive traits

X-linked-dominant traits

Autosomal-recessive traits

Autosomal-dominant traits

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

Agirl of normal stature is born to two parents with achondroplasia who have very short stature, especially disproportionately short arms and legs. What is theprobability (by Punnett square analysis) that any pregnancy this girl eventually has will result in the birth of an infant with achondroplasia if her partner also has normal stature?

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Three out of four (75%)

Two out of four (50%)

One out of four (25%)

Zero out of four (0%)

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

Which statement or factor is a criterion for autosomal-recessive transmission of single-gene traits?

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About 25% of the members of a large kindred with an autosomal-recessive trait will express the trait.

There is no carrier status; if the allele for the trait is present, it is expressed, although the degree of expression can be variable.

Individuals who are heterozygous for an autosomal-recessive trait have minimal risk for transmitting the allele to their offspring.

The degree of expression of an autosomal-recessive trait or disorder in a homozygous individual is directly related to the penetrance of the trait.

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

Which person is an obligate carrier of an autosomal-recessive single-gene trait or disorder without expressing the trait or disorder?

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The son of a man with classic hemophilia

The daughter of a woman with Marfan syndrome

The son of a man who expresses a widow's peak hairline

The daughter of a woman who expresses attached earlobes

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

With which type of inheritance pattern does the trait or disorder usually first appear among siblings rather than in parents of affected children?

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Autosomal dominant

Autosomal recessive

X-linked dominant

Codominant

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

Which type of genetic transmission promotes the continued existence of genetic mutations in single genes?

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Autosomal dominant

Autosomal recessive

Codominant

Sex-linked

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

On a five-generation pedigree, which feature distinguishes an X-linked-dominant disorder in which males and females are equally affected from an autosomal-recessivepattern of inheritance?

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The disorder is not apparent until adulthood.

Unaffected individuals do not have affected children.

There are no instances of an affected father transmitting the disorder to his son.

Unaffected parents (who do not express the disorder) do have affected children.

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

A woman whose father does not have hemophilia gives birth to a son with classic hemophilia. This woman is found to have only 15% of the normal amount of clotting factor VIII (the clotting factor males with hemophilia are missing) and does have abnormal blood-clotting issues. Which phenomenon or factor is most likely responsible for her abnormal clotting factor expression?

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The X chromosome most commonly inactivated in her bone marrow is paternally derived.

The X chromosome most commonly inactivated in her bone marrow is maternally derived.

This woman is demonstrating reduced penetrance of an X-linked-recessive disorder.

This woman is demonstrating full penetrance of an X-linked-recessive disorder.

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

Which statement regarding inheritance of an autosomal-dominant gene allele with known variability in expressivity is true?

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A person with low expressivity of the trait has a higher probability of having a child who does not express the trait at all.

A person with high expressivity of the trait has a greater risk of having a child who expresses the trait to an even greater degree.

The degree of expressivity of a given autosomal-dominant trait with known variability cannot be predicted by analyzing parental expression.

The degree of expressivity of a given autosomal-dominant trait with known variability is greater when the transmitting parent is the same sex as the child.

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

A man whose parents both have brown hair claims that his red beard was inherited from his maternal uncle. Why is this claim incorrect?

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The Y chromosome has no role in scalp, facial, or body hair color.

Genetic traits are transmitted in only a direct vertical direction.

Females cannot transmit facial hair color to their sons.

Hair color is a polygenic trait, not a single-gene trait.

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

Mating of a yellow male parakeet with a blue female parakeet resulted in 18 offspring. Four (two males; two females) had blue feathers, and 14 (eight femalesand six males) had yellow feathers. What allelic combinations and mode of inheritance can you determine from the evidence of the feather colors expressed?

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Yellow allele dominant; blue allele recessive; autosomal

Yellow allele recessive; blue allele dominant; autosomal

Yellow allele dominant; blue allele recessive; sex-linked

Yellow allele recessive; blue allele dominant; sex-linked

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

Mating of a female rabbit with a long tongue with a male rabbit that had a short tongue resulted in 12 offspring. Two had long tongues, two had short tongues,and eight had medium-length tongues. Which allele combinations explains the tongue lengths of the offspring?

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Short tongue dominant; long tongue recessive

Short tongue recessive; long tongue dominant

Short tongue dominant; long tongue dominant

Short tongue dominant; long tongue X-linked recessive

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

Which trait or disorder has both an autosomal-dominant form and an autosomal-recessive form?

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Widow's peak

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Polycystic kidney disease

Taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamate (PTC)

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

What is the most likely explanation for the expression of responses related to pleiotropy?

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The same gene may have more than one chromosome locus.

The protein coded for by the single gene is an important component of more than one tissue.

The silencing of a gene allele inherited from one parent is expressed differently depending on which parent contributed the silenced allele.

The same disorder may have an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern, an autosomal-recessive inheritance pattern, and an X-linked-recessive inheritance pattern.

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