Pulmonary Air Leak Syndromes

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Question 1

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Multiple Choice

Prior to the introduction of exogenous surfactant, with which condition were preterm neonates most likely to develop pulmonary air leak syndrome?

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Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)

Apnea of prematurity

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Question 2

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Multiple Choice

All of the following are associated with a pneumopericardium EXCEPT:

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systemic hypotension.

reduced cardiac output.

decreased stroke volume.

increased cardiac index.

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Question 3

Free

Multiple Choice

What clinical presentation would be seen in a patient with a pneumoperitoneum?

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Mediastinal shift toward affected area

Change in point of maximum impulse

Sudden onset of abdominal distention

Pleural effusion

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Question 4

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Multiple Choice

Following delivery, when do pulmonary air leak syndromes commonly occur in preterm neonates?

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1 to 4 hours after delivery

5 to 8 hours after delivery

12 to 24 hours after delivery

24 to 48 hours after delivery

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Question 5

Free

Multiple Choice

An intubated, mechanically ventilated neonate developed a pneumothorax of the right lung. What could the respiratory therapist recommend to help the injured lung to heal?

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Selectively place the endotracheal tube into the left mainstem bronchus.

Selectively place the endotracheal tube into the right mainstem bronchus.

Replace the endotracheal tube with a tracheostomy tube.

Change to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

A neonate on mechanical ventilation developed pulmonary air leak syndrome. What change should the respiratory therapist now recommend?

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Initiate the bronchopulmonary hygiene therapy protocol.

Decrease the oxygen percentage.

Initiate high-frequency ventilation.

Insert bilateral pleural chest tubes.

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

During the physical exam of a neonate with early pulmonary air leak syndromes, what respiratory rate would be expected?

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<20 breaths/min

20 to 30 breaths/min

40 to 60 breaths/min

>60 breaths/min

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

A neonate with pulmonary interstitial emphysema has developed a pneumothorax. In the early stages, a pneumothorax will manifest itself clinically as _____ disorder.

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an equally restrictive and obstructive

an obstructive pulmonary

a restrictive pulmonary

neither a restrictive nor an obstructive

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

A physician is performing transillumination to determine whether a neonate has a pneumothorax. What finding would confirm the presence of a pneumothorax?

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The trachea will be illuminated.

Light will shine through the hole in the lung.

There will be increased illumination on the unaffected side.

There will be increased illumination on the affected side.

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

Which of the following conditions is described as dissection of gas into the fascial planes of the skin and neck?

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ASIHD

Intravascular air embolism

PIE

Subcutaneous emphysema

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

Which of the following medications would be recommended for the treatment of SIAHD?

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Beta2-agonists

NSAIDs

Diuretics

Corticosteroids

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

Which of the following might be used to relieve a tension pneumothorax in a neonate?

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Transillumination

Needle thoracentesis

Lung expansion therapy protocol

Surfactant replacement therapy

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