Quantitative Genetics

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Question 1

Free

Short Answer

Please select the best match for each term.
A)Determines whether differences in means are significant
B)Narrow-sense heritability
C)Variance
D)Broad-sense heritability
E)Genetic variance
-1)V_G/V_P
2)V_A/V_P
3)V_A + V_D + V_I
4)s²
5)ANOVA

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Question 2

Free

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a source of genetic variation in a population caused by epistatic interactions between genes?

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Additive genetic variance

Dominance variance

General environmental effects

Interaction variance

Maternal effect

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Question 3

Free

Multiple Choice

Quantitative traits typically have multiple genetic influences in which alleles of a number of genes contribute individual amounts to the final phenotype without classical dominance or epistasis.The term used for the observed variation that results from this is

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V_A.

V_D.

V_E.

V_G.

V_I.

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Question 4

Free

Multiple Choice

A female cat that is small due to nutritional deficiencies experienced in early life will give birth to smaller kittens than a genetically identical cat that is larger in size due to better nutrition in early life,even if both female cats were bred to the same male cat and both had good nutrition during pregnancy.The term that is used in measuring this type of variation is

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V_P.

V_E.

V_EG.

V_ES.

V_EM.

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Question 5

Free

Multiple Choice

The distribution of continuous traits can best be described as

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linear.

bell-shaped.

hyperbolic.

logarithmic.

bimodal.

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

Ornamental hydrangeas are well known to produce either blue or magenta flowers,depending on soil pH.This may be a good example of a discrete trait influenced by

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genetics.

environment.

multiple genes.

A and B only

A,B,and C

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about heritability is true?

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Broad-sense heritability defines the complete genetic basis of a trait.

Heritability is fixed for a given trait.

Traits shared by members of the same family do not necessarily have high heritability.

Heritability is the measure of the proportion of an individual's phenotype that is due to genetics.

If a population displays little variation in a given trait,then that trait has low heritability

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

When graphing a distribution of phenotypes for a continuous trait,a broad curve implies

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little variation in the phenotypes.

a large standard deviation.

a small variance.

a large correlation coefficient.

a zero regression line slope.

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

The proportion of phenotypic variance that results from additive genetic variance is known as ________ heritability.

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broad-sense

narrow-sense

multifactorial

generic

genetic

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

A broad-sense heritability of 0.8 for a particular trait indicates that

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phenotypic variation stems from environmental influences.

the trait is 80% heritable.

genes and environment play equal roles in shaping the trait.

genetic differences among individuals account for much of the phenotypic variation for that trait.

None of these

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

A Mendelian cross for a three-gene trait is expected to yield ________ F₂ genotypes.

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265

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

In parent-offspring regression,the average value of the parents is termed the

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mean parental value.

parental average.

midparent value.

median parental value.

modal parental value.

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

A ________ trait is typically influenced by one or two genes.

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quantitative

continuous

polygenic

multifactorial

discrete

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

In maize,some alleles at the seed coat locus influence our ability to visually determine the endosperm color phenotype.Specifically,an opaque seed coat prevents us from seeing the endosperm within,while we can readily see the endosperm in seeds with transparent coats.The opaque coat color allele thus appears to mask the expression of endosperm color alleles,providing an example of

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codominance.

pleiotropy.

polygenic inheritance.

epistasis.

maternal effect.

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

In the general regression equation y = mx + b,variables m and b represent and ,respectively.

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the x-intercept,the y-intercept

the regression line slope,the y-intercept

the y-intercept,the regression line slope

the y-intercept,the x-intercept

narrow-sense heritability,broad-sense heritability

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

Analysis of specific genetic contributions to quantitative traits has been done by

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altering the environment of individuals and observing phenotype alterations.

completing sequencing of specific genes for various species.

measuring V_G by adding V_A,V_D,and V_I.

conducting ANOVA on genetic markers and phenotypes to identify linkage to QTLs.

measuring specific environmental effects,such as sunlight,on phenotype.

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

Which of the following problems might arise in a statistical study as a result of a population sample of inadequate size?

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A non-representative sample

Sampling error

A non-random sample

A sample drawn from a biased subset of data points

All of these

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

Heritability can only be measured for

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traits with phenotypic variance.

traits with genotypic variance.

discrete traits.

polygenic traits.

None of these

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

Populations of the snail Cepaea nemoralis exhibit three color morphs,a good example of a ________ trait.

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continuous

discontinuous

quantitative

polygenic

B,C,and D only

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

A quantitative trait influenced by four loci,each with two alleles,would be expected to show ________ possible genotypes.

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256

None of these

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Quantitative Genetics

Please select the best match for each term.A)Determines whether differences in means are significantB)Narrow-sense heritabilityC)VarianceD)Broad-sense heritabilityE)Genetic variance-1)VG/VP 2)VA/VP 3)VA + VD + VI4)s2 5)ANOVA

Which of the following is a source of genetic variation in a population caused by epistatic interactions between genes?

Quantitative traits typically have multiple genetic influences in which alleles of a number of genes contribute individual amounts to the final phenotype without classical dominance or epistasis.The term used for the observed variation that results from this is

The distribution of continuous traits can best be described as

Ornamental hydrangeas are well known to produce either blue or magenta flowers,depending on soil pH.This may be a good example of a discrete trait influenced by

Which of the following statements about heritability is true?

When graphing a distribution of phenotypes for a continuous trait,a broad curve implies

The proportion of phenotypic variance that results from additive genetic variance is known as ________ heritability.

A broad-sense heritability of 0.8 for a particular trait indicates that

A Mendelian cross for a three-gene trait is expected to yield ________ F2 genotypes.

In parent-offspring regression,the average value of the parents is termed the

A ________ trait is typically influenced by one or two genes.

In the general regression equation y = mx + b,variables m and b represent ________ and ________ ,respectively.

Analysis of specific genetic contributions to quantitative traits has been done by

Which of the following problems might arise in a statistical study as a result of a population sample of inadequate size?

Heritability can only be measured for

Populations of the snail Cepaea nemoralis exhibit three color morphs,a good example of a ________ trait.

A quantitative trait influenced by four loci,each with two alleles,would be expected to show ________ possible genotypes.

Please select the best match for each term.
A)Determines whether differences in means are significant
B)Narrow-sense heritability
C)Variance
D)Broad-sense heritability
E)Genetic variance
-1)V_G/V_P
2)V_A/V_P
3)V_A + V_D + V_I
4)s²
5)ANOVA

A Mendelian cross for a three-gene trait is expected to yield ________ F₂ genotypes.

In the general regression equation y = mx + b,variables m and b represent and ,respectively.