Research Questions, Hypotheses, And Clinical Questions

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Question 1

Free

Multiple Choice

What difference, if any, exists between a research question and a hypothesis?

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A research question is practice based, and a hypothesis is theory based.

A hypothesis attempts to answer the question posed by the research problem.

A research problem defines clinical research and a hypothesis defines basic research.

There is no difference between a research problem and a hypothesis.

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Question 2

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Multiple Choice

How is a hypothesis related to a theory?

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Hypotheses can be developed in the absence of a theoretical framework.

Hypotheses must be consistent with an existing theoretical framework.

A theory can determine the validity of a hypothesis.

A theory can be used to evaluate the merit of a hypothesis.

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Question 3

Free

Multiple Choice

A nurse makes these statements. Which one has the greatest potential as an area of nursing research?

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"Most of our hospital's admissions come in at night."

"It is difficult to find personnel willing to work the night shift."

"It seems that most of the patient falls on our unit occur during the night shift."

"The personnel on the night shift are not attending promptly to the needs of our patients."

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Question 4

Free

Multiple Choice

The nurse has identified a clinical problem as a potential research question. Which of these steps should the nurse take next?

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Identify the variables

Formulate the research hypothesis

Perform a literature review

Determine financial resources for the research project

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Question 5

Free

Multiple Choice

In a research study, what are the properties of interest that differ in value?

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The study's variables

The study's concepts

The study's hypotheses

The study's assumptions

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

A nurse researcher proposes a study of teenage mothers and their experience with postpartum depression. Which of these considerations would affect the feasibility of the study?

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Availability of participants

Direction of the hypotheses

Gaps in the literature

Design of the study

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

What is the key difference between independent and dependent variables?

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The dependent variable should change in response to manipulation by the independent variable.

The independent variable should change in response to manipulation by the dependent variable.

Although both the dependent and independent variables are manipulated, only the dependent variable is considered an intervention.

Although both the dependent and independent variables are manipulated, only the independent variable is considered an intervention.

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

When designing a research study, the nurse should have which of these understandings about independent and dependent variables?

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All research problem statements should contain a dependent and an independent variable.

There should only be one dependent variable associated with a single independent variable.

The relationship between the independent and the dependent variable in any study should be causal.

A given characteristic or situation may be the dependent variable in one study and the independent variable in another.

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

A nurse's research question is, "How does maternal employment among health care professionals affect infant health during the first 6 months of life?" In this question, what is the dependent variable?

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Infant health

Maternal employment

First 6 months of life

Health care professionals

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

A nurse has defined the research question as, "How does oral nutritional supplementation during dialysis treatments affect the serum albumin levels of adult patients who have chronic kidney disease Stage 5?" In this question, what is the independent variable?

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Adult patients with chronic kidney disease Stage 5

Oral nutritional supplementation

During dialysis treatments

Serum albumin levels

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

A nurse has defined the research question as, "Is there a relationship between self-esteem and body weight among postmenopausal women?" What type of research-question format (or research design) is implied by this question?

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Correlational nonexperimental

Comparative nonexperimental

Quantitative experimental

Grounded theory nonexperimental

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

A nurse has defined the research question as, "What is the lived experience of late-stage pregnancy loss among women older than 35 years?" What type of research-question format (or research design) is implied by this question?

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Correlational nonexperimental

Comparative nonexperimental

Quantitative experimental

Grounded theory nonexperimental

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

Which research question is testable as currently written?

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Should parents addicted to crack cocaine be permitted to raise their children?

Is the classroom an appropriate place to teach sex education to 10-year-old children?

Are older adults living in assisted-living facilities satisfied with their level of social interaction?

Is a positive HIV/AIDS status a sufficient reason for limiting the employment of elementary school teachers?

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of a hypothesis for any study?

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To identify the dependent and independent variables

To provide direction for the study by indicating the expected outcomes

To define the appropriate measures needed to test the research problem

To provide a means of determining the feasibility of the proposed study

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

Which hypothesis fails to meet the criteria of testability?

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Proper handwashing prevents the spread of infection.

Consistent practice of low-impact aerobic exercise will increase coordination among older adults.

Patients who used guided imagery during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures will have reduced perceptions of emotional distress compared with patients who do not use guided imagery during MRI.

Postoperative patients who receive around-the-clock scheduled analgesics will have lower levels of pain compared with postoperative patients who receive analgesics on an as-needed (PRN) schedule.

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

Which hypothesis is nondirectional?

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Hospitals with an infection-control nurse will have fewer instances of sepsis among inpatients than hospitals without an infection-control nurse.

There will be a greater weight loss among dieting patients who receive a weekly supportive telephone call from a dietitian than among dieting patients who do not receive a weekly supportive phone call.

There will be a difference in stage of disease for prostate cancer among men who had an abnormal prostate-specific antigen screening compared with men who had an abnormal digital rectal examination screening.

Children who receive weekly counseling for 1 year after the death of a parent will perform better in school than children who do not receive weekly counseling after the death of a parent.

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

The nurse has defined the hypothesis as, "There will be no difference in the number of adverse events among patients discharged two days after an abdominal hysterectomy compared with patients discharged 4 days after an abdominal hysterectomy." This statement is an example of what?

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Directional hypothesis

Nondirectional hypothesis

Research hypothesis

Null hypothesis

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

The nurse notes these statements in a research article: This study explores changes in coping and emotion that occur between the preoperative and the postoperative period. Further, the relationships between coping and emotion preoperatively and postoperatively are evaluated. Finally, the influence of preoperative coping and emotion on postoperative emotion is documented.
This section represents which part of a research study?

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Results

Methods

Purpose

Hypothesis

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

A nurse states the purpose of a research study as, "This study will compare the effect of warm and cold applications on the resolution of intravenous (IV) infiltrations in hospitalized older-adult patients in the early postoperative period." In this statement, what constitutes the independent variable(s)?

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Postoperative older adult patients

Early postoperative period

Warm and cold applications

Resolution of IV infiltrations

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

A nurse describes the hypothesis of a research study as, "There is a positive relationship between nurses' attitudes toward AIDS patients and the number of AIDS patients they have cared for in practice." This statement is an example of what?

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Null hypothesis

Nondirectional hypothesis

Directional hypothesis

Causal hypothesis

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