Sampling

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Question 1

Free

Multiple Choice

What is the process of selecting representative units of a population for study in a research investigation?

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Sampling

Snowballing

Delimination

Random assignment

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Question 2

Free

Multiple Choice

How should a nurse researcher expect a sample to differ from a population?

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A sample can mean objects or events, whereas population refers to individuals or groups of people.

A population has a broad set of defining characteristics, and a sample has a narrow set of defining characteristics.

A population is a representative segment of a defined sample.

A sample is a representative segment of a defined population.

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Question 3

Free

Multiple Choice

A nurse researcher has made a generalization on the basis of the experience of a small number of participants. What will the result of this be?

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The small sample will invalidate the hypotheses.

The researcher will be unable to eliminate his or her bias.

The data obtained from a small number will inadequately represent the phenomenon.

The small number of participants will increase the threat to internal validity influenced by history.

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Question 4

Free

Multiple Choice

Which statement is most accurate regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria?

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These criteria are not needed when the population being studied is composed of events.

These criteria serve to ensure that the characteristics of the sample and the population are congruent.

Inclusion criteria are used to define the independent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define dependent variables.

Inclusion criteria are used to define the dependent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define independent variables.

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Question 5

Free

Multiple Choice

What can a nurse researcher use to restrict the study population to homogeneous groups of subjects?

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Sampling

Self-selection

Eligibility criteria

Defining study limitations

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

A nurse researcher should be concerned about establishing clear eligibility criteria for inclusion in a study sample because such criteria will do what?

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Increase the homogeneity of the sample

Decrease the homogeneity of the sample

Increase the size of the sample

Decrease the size of the sample

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

A nurse researcher should attempt to clearly specify exclusion criteria for a study sample because such criteria will do what?

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Limit the time needed to complete the study

Reduce the effect of extraneous variables on the accurate evaluation of the outcome variable

Eliminate the outside influences and inferences regarding the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention

Ensure that an adequate sample size is accrued to meet assumptions for accurate statistical analysis

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

The nurse researcher knows that a sample is representative of a population when which statement is true?

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The sample is homogeneous.

All units of a population are included.

The most readily accessible persons are used as subjects.

The characteristics of the sample closely approximate those of the population.

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

How can a nurse researcher tell the difference between an accessible population and a target population?

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The accessible population meets the inclusion criteria, and the target population meets the exclusion criteria.

The target population meets the inclusion criteria, and the accessible population meets the exclusion criteria.

The accessible population represents the entire set of cases the researcher wishes to study, and the target population represents that part of the accessible population that could feasibly be included in the study.

The target population represents the entire set of cases the researcher wishes to study, and the accessible population represents that part of the target population that could feasibly be included in the study.

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

A nurse researcher would hesitate to use nonprobability sampling because:

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It will result in reduced or limited generalizability.

Informed consent must be obtained.

It will require large, unmanageable sample sizes.

Sample sizes are too small for most methods of statistical analysis.

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

Which type of sampling is most at risk for sample bias?

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Quota

Random

Purposive

Convenience

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

The primary characteristic of a probability sample is considered to be what?

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Self-selection of subjects

Random selection of the sample

Subjects handpicked by the researcher

Representation of proportional segments of the population

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

A nurse researcher opts to use a stratified sample in a research study for which reason?

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The sample population is divided into subsets that are homogeneous for a particular trait or feature.

The sample population is divided into subsets for random assignment into an intervention or a usual-care group.

The sample population is randomly assigned to a specific subgroup that will vary from the others on the basis of type of treatment.

The sample population is randomly assigned to a specific subgroup that will vary from the others on the basis of treatment duration.

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

The researcher used word of mouth to accrue a sample of participants. This is most accurately referred to as what?

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Referral

Networking

Recruitment

Quasi-probability

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

The nurse researcher selects matching as a technique in a research study. What does the technique of matching in a sampling strategy contribute to the research?

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Improved overall design of the study

Elimination of the need for a control group

Increased equivalency of the comparison group

Reduced sample size; subjects serve as their own controls

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

The nurse researcher can most accurately determine sample size by considering what?

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The stamina of the researcher in data collection

The importance of the independent variable

The age of the potential subjects

The design of the study

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

A nurse researcher can most accurately use the technique of power analysis to do what?

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To estimate sample size

To establish sampling strata

To assign subjects randomly

To analyze sample representativeness

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

A nurse researcher should be particularly concerned about having a small sample size for which reason?

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There is increased risk of obtaining a nonrepresentative sample.

There is increased risk of a study subject interacting with another study subject.

There is increased potential for loss of confidentiality.

There is increased regression toward the mean.

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

A research consumer should evaluate sample size in a research report by doing what?

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By asking how many assistants were involved in data collection

By asking how representative the sample is relative to the target population

By asking how great the outcome difference is between or among study groups

By asking how many previous studies the researcher has conducted on similar topics

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

Which statement regarding sample size is most accurate?

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Studies with smaller sample sizes have more accurate results.

Studies with smaller sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population.

Studies with larger sample sizes have more accurate results.

Studies with larger sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population.

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