The globalization of production has been decreasing as companies have been facing lower barriers to international trade and location economies.
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Question 2
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Despite the globalization of production and markets, many of the most successful companies in certain industries are still clustered in a small number of countries.
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Question 3
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Factor endowments, the cost and quality of factors of production, are a prime determinant of the competitive advantage that certain countries have in certain industries.
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Question 4
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Starbucks, Sony, and Coca-Cola conduct business in two or more countries. These companies can be referred to as multinational companies.
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Question 5
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A company can increase its growth rate by taking goods or services developed at home and selling them internationally.
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Question 6
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Location economies refer to the economic benefits that arise from performing a value creation activity at an optimal location.
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Question 7
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A company may create value if it can leverage the competencies created within subsidiaries and apply them to other operations within the firm's global network.
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Question 8
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By offering a standardized product to the global marketplace and manufacturing that product in each nation in which it does business irrespective of production costs, a multinational company can realize substantial scale economies.
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Question 9
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Local responsiveness may be driven by economic and political demands placed on companies by host country governments.
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Question 10
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An international strategy may not be viable in the long term, but companies that can pursue it need to shift toward a global standardization strategy to survive.
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Question 11
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A transnational strategy makes the most sense when demand for local responsiveness is minimal.
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Question 12
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A localization strategy is most appropriate when there are substantial differences across nations with regard to consumer tastes and preferences and when cost pressures are not too intense.
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Question 13
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Global standardization strategy emphasizes customization and product differentiation.
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Question 14
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Company leaders that pursue a global standardization strategy are trying to develop a business model that simultaneously achieves low costs and differentiates the product offering across geographic markets.
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Question 15
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Most manufacturing companies begin their global expansion by exporting.
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Question 16
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When a company licenses its technology it can quickly lose control over it.
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Question 17
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One advantage of a joint venture is that a company may benefit from a local partner's knowledge of the many dimensions of a host country.
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Question 18
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If a company's competitive advantage derives from its control of proprietary technological know-how, it should either license its technology to others or pursue a joint venture.
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Question 19
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Companies should form strategic alliances with firms that have a reputation for being opportunistic.
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Question 20
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Strategic alliances can be designed to make it difficult (if not impossible) to transfer technology that is not meant to be transferred.