Urinary System Disorders

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Question 1

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following structures is most likely to be located in the renal medulla?

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Proximal convoluted tubule

Glomerulus

Loop of Henle

Afferent arteriole

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Question 2

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

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Regulation of body fluid concentrations

Removal of nitrogenous and acidic wastes

Activation of vitamin D

Production of albumin

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Question 3

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes the correct flow of blood in the kidney?

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Afferent arteriole to the peritubular capillaries to the venule

Efferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the peritubular capillaries

Peritubular capillaries to the glomerular capillaries to the venule

Afferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the efferent arteriole

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Question 4

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes the flow of filtrate in the kidney?

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The collecting duct to the distal convoluted tubule to the renal pelvis

Bowman's capsule to the proximal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle

The loop of Henle to the collecting duct to Bowman's capsule

The distal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle to the collecting duct

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Question 5

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes the normal flow of urine?

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Collecting duct to the renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder

Renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder to the ureter

Ureter to the renal pelvis to the urethra to the bladder

Collecting duct to the ureter to the urethra

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Question 6

Multiple Choice

Which statement about the bladder is TRUE?

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The bladder wall lacks rugae.

Three openings from the urinary bladder form the trigone.

It contracts when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.

Continuous peristalsis in the bladder wall promotes urine flow.

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Question 7

Multiple Choice

Which of the following increases glomerular filtration rate?

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Increased plasma osmotic pressure

Dilation of the efferent arteriole

Increased hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries

Constriction of the afferent arteriole

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Question 8

Multiple Choice

By what process is water reabsorbed from the filtrate?

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Osmosis

Active transport

Cotransport

Capillary action

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Question 9

Multiple Choice

Which substance directly controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts?

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Renin

Aldosterone

Angiotensin

Antidiuretic hormone

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Question 10

Multiple Choice

Under what circumstances do cells in the kidneys secrete renin?

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The urine pH decreases.

Blood flow in the afferent arteriole decreases.

Serum potassium levels are high.

Serum osmotic pressure increases.

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Question 11

Multiple Choice

Which of the following should be present in the filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule?

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Plasma proteins

Erythrocytes

Sodium ions

Leukocytes

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Question 12

Multiple Choice

From the following, choose the substance likely to appear in the urine when the glomerulus is inflamed.

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Albumin

Urea

Sodium

Creatinine

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Question 13

Multiple Choice

Involuntary urination by a child after age 4 or 5, when bladder control is expected, is referred to as:

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enuresis.

stress incontinence.

micturition.

overflow incontinence.

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Question 14

Multiple Choice

When a respiratory infection with high fever is present in the body, how would the kidney tubules maintain normal pH of body fluids?

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Increase the flow of filtrate.

Secrete more acids and reabsorb more bicarbonate ions.

Excrete a larger volume of more dilute urine.

Retain more potassium ions in exchange for sodium ions.

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Question 15

Multiple Choice

When comparing normal kidney function with dialysis, which of the following mechanisms is not possible in dialysis?

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Diffusion

Osmosis

Ultrafiltration

Active transport

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Question 16

Multiple Choice

What is the cause of most cases of pyelonephritis?

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An ascending infection by E. coli

Abnormal immune response, causing inflammation

Dialysis or other invasive procedure

Severe pH imbalance of urine

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Question 17

Multiple Choice

Which disease is manifested by dysuria and pyuria?

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Nephrotic syndrome

Cystitis

Glomerulonephritis

Urolithiasis

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Question 18

Multiple Choice

Why may acute pyelonephritis and cystitis follow untreated prostatitis?

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Microbes spread through the circulation.

Antibodies have not yet formed.

There is no effective treatment.

There is a continuous mucosa along the involved structures.

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Question 19

Multiple Choice

Pyelonephritis may be distinguished from cystitis by the presence in pyelonephritis of:

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microbes, leukocytes, and pus in the urine.

painful micturition.

urgency and frequency.

urinary casts and flank pain.

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Question 20

Multiple Choice

In a case of acute pyelonephritis, what is the cause of flank pain?

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Inflammation, causing ischemia in the tubules

Inflammation, stretching the renal capsule

Increasing glomerular permeability, creating an increased volume of filtrate in the kidney

Microbes irritating the tissues

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